全国硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷三套及答案解析

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1、全国硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷(一)Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)   Inthepastfewdecades,remarkablefindingshavebeenmadeinethology,thestudyofanimalsocialbehavior.Earlierscientistshad1thatnonhumanso

2、ciallifewasalmosttotallyinstinctiveorfixedbygenetics.Muchmorecarefulobservationhasshownthat2variationoccursamongthesocialtiesofmostspecies,showingthatlearningisapartofsociallife.Thatis,the3arenotsolelyfixedbythegenes.   4，thelearningthatoccursisoftenatanearlyagein

3、aprocessthatiscalledimprinting.Imprintingisclearly5instinctive,butitisnotquitelikethelearningofhumans;itissomethinginbetweenthetwo.Anillustrationbest6thenatureofimprinting.Once,biologiststhoughtthatducklingsfollowedthemotherduckbecauseofinstincts.Nowweknowthat,sho

4、rtly7theyhatch,ducklingsfix8anyobjectaboutthesizeofaduckandwillhenceforthfollowit.Soducklingsmayfollowabasketballorabriefcaseiftheseare9forthemotherduckatthetimewhenimprintingoccurs.Thus,socialtiescanbeconsiderably10,evenonesthathaveaconsiderablebase11bygenetics. 

5、  Evenamongthesocialinsectssomethinglikeimprin2005年全国攻读硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷(一)ting12influencesocialbehavior.Forexample,biologistsoncethoughtbeescommunicatedwithotherspurely13instinct.But,inexamininga“dance”thatbeesdotoindicatethedistanceanddirectionofapollensource,ob

6、serversfoundthatbeesraisedinisolationcouldnotcommunicateeffectively.Atahigherlevel,thegeneticbaseseemstobemuchmoreforanallpurposelearningratherthanthemorespecificresponsesofimprinting.Chimpanzees,forinstance,generally14verygoodmotherbutJaneGoodallreportsthatsomec

7、himpscarrytheinfantupsidedownor15failtonurturetheyoung.Shebelievesthatthesefemalesweretheyoungestorthe16childofamother.Insuch93circumstances,theydidnothavetheopportunitytoobservehowtheirownmother17forheryoung.Certainlyadolescentchimpswhoarestillwiththeirmotherswhe

8、notheryoungareborntakemuchinterestintherearingoftheiryoungbrotherorsister.Theyhaveanexcellentopportunitytolearn,andthesocialtiesthatarecreatedbetweenmot