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1、Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.SectionAGrammarFocus-4c八年级(下)I’dliketohelphomelesspeople.Shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.Youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekidsandcheerthemup.GrammarFocusMariobelievesitcanhelphimtogethisfuturedreamjob.Shevolun
2、teersthereonceaweektohelpkidslearntoread.I’mmakingsomesignstoputuparoundtheschool.动词不定式Grammar动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。基本形式：to＋动词原形，有时to可以省略；否定形式：not+动词不定式。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。一.作宾语动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,want,remem
3、ber,agree,learn,like,decide,fail,pretend,demand,refuse等。e.g.Iwanttotellyouastory.Theybegintoworkateighteverymorning.Don’tforgettolockthedoor.Wouldyouliketogoandhaveapicnicwithustomorrow?二.作宾语补足语。e.g.TheteacheraskedustoreadEnglishforhalfanhourinthemorning.Theteacheroftentel
4、lsJimnottospendtoomuchtimeplayingcomputergames.Pleaseletmehelpyou.动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell,ask,want,like,invite,encourage,help等。但在let,make,see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have等感官听觉动词或使役动词后面作宾语补足语的动词,其不定式一般要省略动词不定式符号“to”，可以归纳为以下三种句式：1.不可以省略to的不定式作宾语补足语：tell/
5、ask/want/wouldlike/wish/suppose/invite/encourage/teach/dependon等+sb.+todosth.e.g. Theteachertoldustocomeearlier.Iwantyoutogonow.Herparentswishhertobeateacher.2.省“to”的不定式作宾语补足语：let/make/have+sb.+dosth.e.g.Letthegirlleaveherenow.Theboymadethebabycry.see/watch/hear/notice/fee
6、l+sb.+dosth.e.g.Isawthestudentsplaybasketballontheplaygroundyesterday.Ioftenhearthegirlsinginthenextroom.3.可省可不省的:helpsb.（to）dosth.e.g.Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dohousework.三.作状语:（1）作目的状语。强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用inorderto或soasto+动词原形，soasto不用于句首。e.g.Hestoppedtohavearest.Thebusst
7、oppedsoastopickuppassengers.（2）作结果状语。e.g.Hewokeuponlytofindeverybodygone.HisgrandmalivedtoseetheliberationofChina.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后作原因状语。e.g.I’mproudtohavetakenpartinthecompetitions...I’mhappytohavefoundmanythingsIcando.动词不定式的否定形式：（1）动词不定式的否定式
8、是直接在to之前加not.e.g.Tellthemnottoplayfootballinthestreet.（2）省略to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not.e.g.L
