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时间:2019-05-08
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1、《实用英语语法》 I.概论(Conspectus)p1一、语法的组成部分:1.词法(Morphology)2.句法(Syntax)3.WhattolearninthecourseofEnglishGrammar?Pleaseattachimportancetothreemainpoints:grammatical,logical,acceptable.1)GrammaticalWhichoneis(onesare)ungrammatical?(1)Therearemanywaystokill(skin)acat
2、.(2)Therearemorewaysthanonetokillacat.(3)There’smorewaysthanonetokillacat.(4)Herearesomekeys.(5)Here’ssomekeys.(6)Thereismorewaysthanonetokillacat.2)LogicalWhichoneisillogical?(1)Agorillasquishedthecockroach.(2)Achimpanzeestompedtheroachtodeath.(3)Ananthassw
3、allowedtheelephant.3)Acceptable(sometimesungrammaticalorevenillogical)(1)Theyaskedmeallkindsof/alltypesof/allsortsof/allmannerofquestions.(2)Assureaseggsare/aseggsiseggs.(3)Afriendofmineismovingintoanewhouse/movingintoanewflat/movinghouse/movingflats.二、词类(Pa
4、rtsofSpeech/WordClass)p2另外:限定词(Determiner)p2三、句子定义p5四、句子成分p6另外:同位语(Appositive),插入语(Parenthesis),呼语(Vocative),p6补充:主语补足语(SubjectComplement), e.g.(1)Thefloorshouldbekeptclean.(2)Hewaselectedmayorlastyear. 宾语补足语(ObjectComplement)e.g(1)Weshouldkeepthefloorclean.
5、(2)Weelectedhimmayorlastyear. 五、句子分类(ClassificationofSentences)p6-81.按目的分类:p6-7,6511)陈述句(DeclarativeSentences/Statements),2)疑问句(InterrogativeSentences/Questions),3)祈使句(ImperativeSentences/Imperatives),补充:注意下面陈述句与祈使句,含有主语的肯定与含有主语的否定祈使句的比较:(p318)(1)Someoneopen
6、sthedoor./cf.Someoneopenthedoor,please.ORSomeoneopenthedoor.(2)Goahead!/Yougoahead!//cf.Don’tforgettomailtheletter./Don’tyouforgettomailtheletter.4)感叹句(ExclamatorySentences/Exclamation)2.按结构分类:p7简单句(SimpleSentences),并列句(CompoundSentences),复合句(ComplexSentence
7、s)3.疑问句分类:p7-8一般疑问句(GeneralQuestions),特殊疑问句(SpecialQuestions),选择疑问句(AlternativeQuestions),附加疑问句(TagQuestions)补充:4.附加疑问句分类:(p238-239)反意疑问句(DisjunctiveQuestions),共感疑问句(SympatheticQuestions),准反意疑问句(Quasi-disjunctiveQuestions)1)反意疑问句是指陈述部分与附加部分各自采取否定或肯定相反的谓语形式的问
8、句。2)共感疑问句是指陈述部分和附加部分都采取谓语的同一肯定或否定形式,这种附加疑问句通常不要求对方回答(句末多用降调)故可称为修辞性疑问句。这类附加疑问句可带有So、Oh等词。3)准反意疑问句的谓语形式与反意疑问句的相同,但附加部分的主语与陈述部分的主语却不一致。5.附加疑问句应注意的若干问题(p239-250)1)意义是“有”的附加疑问句形式:当have(had)表示“有”的意义时
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