资源描述：
《2019考研英语一真题及参考答案》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Today,weliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsareallavailableonoursmartphones.1ofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.Butphones2onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize.3yougetlostwithoutaphoneoracompass,andyou4can’tfindnorth,afewtricksmayhelpyounavigate5tocivilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.Whenyoufindyourself6atrail,butnotinacompletely7areaofland,youhavetoanswertwoquestions:Which8isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?Andwhereisthenearestwatersource?Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater.9,ifyouheaddownhill,andfollowanyH2Oyoufind,youshould10seesignsofpeople.Ifyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights–youmaybe11howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.Another12:Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.13,evenindenseforest,youshouldbeableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve15thewoods.Headtowardthese16tofindawayout.Atnight,scanthehorizonfor17lightsources,suchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.18,assumingyou’relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe19weleaveonthelandscape.Trailblazes,tiretracks,andotherfeaturescan20youtocivilization.英语（一）试题-16-（共14页） 1.A.FewB.MostC.SomeD.All2.A.putB.takeC.runD.come3.A.SinceB.UntilC.ThoughD.If4.A.formallyB.literallyC.graduallyD.relatively5.A.aroundB.awayC.backD.next6.A.ontoB.alongC.acrossD.off7.A.unattractiveB.unfamiliarC.unchangedD.uncrowded8.A.wayB.pointC.siteD.place9.A.InsteadB.YetC.SoD.Besides10.A.immediatelyB.eventuallyC.unexpectedlyD.intentionally11.A.frightenedB.annoyedC.surprisedD.confused12.A.problemB.resultC.viewD.option13.A.AboveallB.ForexampleC.OnaverageD.Incontrast14.A.spotB.avoidC.bridgeD.separate15.A.fromB.underC.beyondD.through16.A.postsB.breaksC.shadesD.links17.A.hiddenB.mysteriousC.artificialD.limited18.A.FinallyB.ConsequentlyC.IncidentallyD.Generally19.A.memoriesB.belongingsC.notesD.marks20.A.leadB.adaptC.restrictD.exposeSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)英语（一）试题-16-（共14页） Text1FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitutions.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:morelong-termdecision-making,notonlybybanksbutbyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.“Short-termism,”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland’stopeconomist,AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagiantofclassicaleconomics,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm’seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed“quarterlycapitalism.”Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshorterattentionspansinfinancialmarkets.“Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,”saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyActof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short-termism.”InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthat“asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“long-termism,”suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearnmorevotingrightsinacompany.Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders.Britain’snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance,notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.英语（一）试题-16-（共14页） 21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleistoA.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives.B.enhancebankers’senseofresponsibility.C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation.D.helpcorporationsachievelargerprofits.22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicateA.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies.B.governments’impatienceindecision-making.C.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits.D.“short-termism”ineconomicactivities.23.ItisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbeA.minimal.B.indirect.C.adverse.D.temporary.24.TheUSandFranceexamplesareusedtoillustrateA.theapproachestopromoting“long-termism.”B.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking.C.thesignificanceoflong-termthinking.D.theobstaclestopreventing“short-termism.”25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutivesB.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalismC.PatienceasaCorporateVirtueD.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers英语（一）试题-16-（共14页） Text2Gradeinflation–thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs(grade-pointaverages)overthepastfewdecades–isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation,inwhichstudentsaretreatedlikecustomerstobepleased.Butanother,relatedforce–apolicyoftenburieddeepincoursecatalogscalled“gradeforgiveness”–ishelpingraiseGPAs.Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichtheyreceivedalowgrade,andthemostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethatcountsincalculatingastudent’soverallGPA.Theuseofthislittle-knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears,ascollegescontinuetodotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool(andpayingtuition)andimprovetheirgraduationrates.Whenthispracticefirststarteddecadesago,itwasusuallylimitedtofreshmen,togivethemasecondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirstyeariftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-levelcourses.Butnowmostcolleges,saveformanyselectivecampuses,allowallundergraduates,andevengraduatestudents,togettheirlowgradesforgiven.Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthegradeitselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheirdegreeprogramandgraduationwithoutincurringabigpenalty.“Ultimately,”saidJackMiner,OhioStateUniversity’sregistrar,“weseestudentsachievemoresuccessbecausetheyretakeacourseanddobetterinsubsequentcoursesormasterthecontentthatallowsthemtograduateontime.”Thatsaid,thereisawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescolleges’ownneedsaswell.Forpublicinstitutions,statefundsaresometimestiedpartlytotheirsuccessonmetricssuchasgraduationratesandstudentretention–sobettergradescan,byboostingfigureslikethose,meanmoremoney.AndanythingthatraisesGPAswilllikelymakestudents–who,attheendoftheday,arepayingthebill–feelthey’vegottenabettervaluefortheirtuitiondollars,whichisanotherbigconcernforcolleges.Indeed,gradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingtoconsumers’expectationsforhighereducation.Sincestudentsandparentsexpectacollegedegreetoleadtoajob,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltoturnoutgraduateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible–oratleastappeartobe.Onthis,students’andcolleges’incentivesseemtobealigned.英语（一）试题-16-（共14页） 26.Whatiscommonlyregardedasthecauseofgradeinflation?A.Colleges’neglectofGPAs.B.Theinfluenceofconsumerculture.C.Students’indifferencetoGPAs.D.Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.27.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofgradeforgiveness?A.Tomaintaincolleges’graduationrates.B.Toincreaseuniversities’incomefromtuition.C.Topreparegraduatesforachallengingfuture.D.Tohelpfreshmenadapttocollegelearning.28.AccordingtoParagraph5,gradeforgivenessenablescollegestoA.obtainmorefinancialsupport.B.improvetheirteachingquality.C.boosttheirstudentenrollments.D.meetlocalgovernments’needs.29.Whatdoesthephrase“tobealigned”(Line5,Para.6)mostprobablymean?A.Tocounterbalanceeachother.B.Tobecontradictorytoeachother.C.Tobeidenticalwitheachother.D.Tocomplementeachother.30.TheauthorexaminesthepracticeofgradeforgivenessbyA.assessingitsfeasibility.B.listingitslong-runeffects.C.comparingdifferentviewsonit.D.analyzingthecausesbehindit.英语（一）试题-16-（共14页） Text3ThisyearmarksexactlytwocenturiessincethepublicationofFrankenstein;or,TheModernPrometheus,byMaryShelley.Evenbeforetheinventionoftheelectriclightbulb,theauthorproducedaremarkableworkofspeculativefictionthatwouldforeshadowmanyethicalquestionstoberaisedbytechnologiesyettocome.Todaytherapidgrowthofartificialintelligence(AI)raisesfundamentalquestions:“Whatisintelligence,identity,orconsciousness?Whatmakeshumanshumans?”Whatisbeingcalledartificialgeneralintelligence,machinesthatwouldimitatethewayhumansthink,continuestoevadescientists.Yethumansremainfascinatedbytheideaofrobotsthatwouldlook,move,andrespondlikehumans,similartothoserecentlydepictedonpopularsci-fiTVseriessuchas“Westworld”and“Humans.”Justhowpeoplethinkisstillfartoocomplextobeunderstood,letalonereproduced,saysDavidEagleman,aStanfordUniversityneuroscientist.“Wearejustinasituationwheretherearenogoodtheoriesexplainingwhatconsciousnessactuallyisandhowyoucouldeverbuildamachinetogetthere.”Butthatdoesn’tmeancrucialethicalissuesinvolvingAIaren’tathand.Thecominguseofautonomousvehicles,forexample,posesthornyethicalquestions.Humandriverssometimesmustmakesplit-seconddecisions.Theirreactionsmaybeacomplexcombinationofinstantreflexes,inputfrompastdrivingexperiences,andwhattheireyesandearstelltheminthatmoment.AI“vision”todayisnotnearlyassophisticatedasthatofhumans.Andtoanticipateeveryimaginabledrivingsituationisadifficultprogrammingproblem.Wheneverdecisionsarebasedonmassesofdata,“youquicklygetintoalotofethicalquestions,”notesTanKiatHow,chiefexecutiveofaSingapore-basedagencythatishelpingthegovernmentdevelopavoluntarycodefortheethicaluseofAI.AlongwithSingapore,othergovernmentsandmega-corporationsarebeginningtoestablishtheirownguidelines.Britainissettingupadataethicscenter.IndiareleaseditsAIethicsstrategythisspring.OnJune7Googlepledgednotto“designordeployAI”thatwouldcause“overallharm,”ortodevelopAI-directedweaponsoruseAIforsurveillancethatwouldviolateinternationalnorms.ItalsopledgednottodeployAIwhoseusewouldviolateinternationallawsorhumanrights.Whilethestatementisvague,itrepresentsonestartingpoint.SodoestheideathatdecisionsmadebyAIsystemsshouldbeexplainable,transparent,andfair.Toputitanotherway:Howcanwemakesurethatthethinkingofintelligentmachinesreflectshumanity’shighestvalues?OnlythenwilltheybeusefulservantsandnotFrankenstein’sout-of-controlmonster.英语（一）试题-16-（共14页） 31.MaryShelley’snovelFrankensteinismentionedbecauseitA.involvessomeconcernsraisedbyAItoday.B.hasremainedpopularforaslongas200years.C.fascinatesAIscientistsallovertheworld.D.hassparkedseriousethicalcontroversies.32.InDavidEagleman’sopinion,ourcurrentknowledgeofconsciousnessA.helpsexplainartificialintelligence.B.istoolimitedforustoreproduceit.C.inspirespopularsci-fiTVseries.D.canbemisleadingtorobotmaking.33.ThesolutiontotheethicalissuesbroughtbyautonomousvehiclesA.canhardlyeverbefound.B.hasarousedmuchcuriosity.C.isstillbeyondourcapacity.D.causeslittlepublicconcern.34.Theauthor’sattitudetowardGoogle’spledgesisoneofA.contempt.B.skepticism.C.respect.D.affirmation.35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.TheConscienceofAI:ComplexButInevitableB.Frankenstein,theNovelPredictingtheAgeofAIC.AI’sFuture:IntheHandsofTechGiantsD.AIShallBeKillersOnceOutofControl英语（一）试题-16-（共14页） Text4StateswillbeabletoforcemorepeopletopaysalestaxwhentheymakeonlinepurchasesunderaSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaythatwillleaveshopperswithlighterwalletsbutisabigfinancialwinforstates.TheSupremeCourt’sopinionThursdayoverruledapairofdecades-olddecisionsthatstatessaidcostthembillionsofdollarsinlostrevenueannually.Thedecisionsmadeitmoredifficultforstatestocollectsalestaxoncertainonlinepurchases.Thecasesthecourtoverturnedsaidthatifabusinesswasshippingacustomer’spurchasetoastatewherethebusinessdidn’thaveaphysicalpresencesuchasawarehouseoroffice,thebusinessdidn’thavetocollectsalestaxforthestate.Customersweregenerallyresponsibleforpayingthesalestaxtothestatethemselvesiftheyweren’tchargedit,butmostdidn’trealizetheyoweditandfewpaid.JusticeAnthonyKennedywrotethatthepreviousdecisionswereflawed.“Eachyearthephysicalpresencerulebecomesfurtherremovedfromeconomicrealityandresultsinsignificantrevenuelossestothestates,”hewroteinanopinionjoinedbyfourotherjustices.Kennedywrotethattherule“limitedstates’abilitytoseeklong-termprosperityandhaspreventedmarketparticipantsfromcompetingonanevenplayingfield.”Therulingisavictoryforbigchainswithapresenceinmanystates,sincetheyusuallycollectsalestaxononlinepurchasesalready.Now,rivalswillbechargingsalestaxwheretheyhadn’tbefore.Bigchainshavebeencollectingsalestaxnationwidebecausetheytypicallyhavephysicalstoresinwhateverstateapurchaseisbeingshippedto.Amazon.com,withitsnetworkofwarehouses,alsocollectssalestaxineverystatethatchargesit,thoughthird-partysellerswhousethesitedon’thaveto.Untilnow,manysellersthathaveaphysicalpresenceinonlyasinglestateorafewstateshavebeenabletoavoidchargingsalestaxeswhentheyshiptoaddressesoutsidethosestates.SellersthatuseeBayandEtsy,whichprovideplatformsforsmallersellers,alsohaven’tbeencollectingsalestaxnationwide.UndertherulingThursday,statescanpasslawsrequiringout-of-statesellerstocollectthestate’ssalestaxfromcustomersandsendittothestate.Retailtradegroupspraisedtheruling,sayingitlevelstheplayingfieldforlocalandonlinebusinesses.Thelosers,saidretailanalystNeilSaunders,areonline-onlyretailers,especiallysmallerones.Thoseretailersmayfaceheadachescomplyingwithvariousstatesalestaxlaws.TheSmallBusiness&EntrepreneurshipCounciladvocacygroupsaidinastatement,“Smallbusinessesandinternetentrepreneursarenotwellservedatallbythisdecision.”英语（一）试题-16-（共14页） 36.TheSupremeCourtdecisionThursdaywillA.putmostonlinebusinessesinadilemma.B.forcesomestatestocutsalestax.C.makemoreonlineshopperspaysalestax.D.betterbusinesses’relationswithstates.37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs2and3thattheoverruleddecisionsA.werewidelycriticizedbyonlinepurchasers.B.havecostconsumersalotovertheyears.C.haveledtothedominanceofe-commerce.D.wereconsideredunfavorablebystates.38.AccordingtoJusticeAnthonyKennedy,thephysicalpresencerulehasA.hinderedeconomicdevelopment.B.harmedfairmarketcompetition.C.boostedgrowthinstates’revenue.D.broughtprosperitytothecountry.39.WhoaremostlikelytowelcometheSupremeCourtruling?A.Big-chainowners.B.Third-partysellers.C.Internetentrepreneurs.D.Smallretailers.40.IndealingwiththeSupremeCourtdecisionThursday,theauthorA.presentsitsmainpointswithconflictingviewsonthem.B.givesafactualaccountofitanddiscussesitsconsequences.C.citessomecasesrelatedtoitandanalyzestheirimplications.D.describesthelongandcomplicatedprocessofitsmaking.英语（一）试题-16-（共14页） PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41–45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA–Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)A.Thesetoolscanhelpyouwineveryargument–notintheunhelpfulsenseofbeatingyouropponentsbutinthebettersenseoflearningabouttheissuesthatdividepeople,learningwhytheydisagreewithusandlearningtotalkandworktogetherwiththem.Ifwereadjustourviewofarguments–fromaverbalfightortennisgametoareasonedexchangethroughwhichweallgainmutualrespectandunderstanding–thenwechangetheverynatureofwhatitmeansto“win”anargument.B.Inhis1936workHowtoWinFriendsandInfluencePeople,DaleCarnegiewrote:“Thereisonlyoneway…togetthebestofanargument–andthatistoavoidit.”Thisaversiontoargumentsiscommon,butitdependsonamistakenviewofargumentsthatcausesprofoundproblemsforourpersonalandsociallives–andinmanywaysmissesthepointofarguinginthefirstplace.C.Noneofthiswillbeeasy,butyoucanstartevenifothersrefuseto.Nexttimeyoustateyourposition,formulateanargumentforwhatyouclaimandhonestlyaskyourselfwhetheryourargumentisanygood.Nexttimeyoutalkwithsomeonewhotakesastand,askthemtogiveyouareasonfortheirview.Spellouttheirargumentfullyandcharitably.Assessitsstrengthimpartially.Raiseobjectionsandlistencarefullytotheirreplies.英语（一）试题-16-（共14页） D.Ofcourse,manydiscussionsarenotsosuccessful.Still,weneedtobecarefulnottoaccuseopponentsofbadargumentstooquickly.Weneedtolearnhowtoevaluatethemproperly.Alargepartofevaluationiscallingoutbadarguments,butwealsoneedtoadmitgoodargumentsbyopponentsandtoapplythesamecriticalstandardstoourselves.Humilityrequiresyoutorecognizeweaknessesinyourownargumentsandsometimesalsotoacceptreasonsontheoppositeside.E.Thereisabetterwaytowinarguments.Imaginethatyoufavorincreasingtheminimumwageinourstate,andIdonot.Ifyouyell,“Yes,”andIyell,“No,”neitherofuslearnsanything.Weneitherunderstandnorrespecteachother,andwehavenobasisforcompromiseorcooperation.Incontrast,supposeyougiveareasonableargument:thatfull-timeworkersshouldnothavetoliveinpoverty.ThenIcounterwithanotherreasonableargument:thatahigherminimumwagewillforcebusinessestoemployfewerpeopleforlesstime.Nowwecanunderstandeachother’spositionsandrecognizeoursharedvalues,sincewebothcareaboutneedyworkers.F.Theseviewsofargumentsalsounderminereason.Ifyouseeaconversationasafightorcompetition,youcanwinbycheatingaslongasyoudon’tgetcaught.Youwillbehappytoconvincepeoplewithbadarguments.Youcancalltheirviewsstupid,orjokeabouthowignoranttheyare.Noneofthesetrickswillhelpyouunderstandthem,theirpositionsortheissuesthatdivideyou,buttheycanhelpyouwin–inoneway.G.Carnegiewouldberightifargumentswerefights,whichishowweoftenthinkofthem.Likephysicalfights,verbalfightscanleavebothsidesbloodied.Evenwhenyouwin,youendupnobetteroff.Yourprospectswouldbealmostasdismalifargumentswereevenjustcompetitions–like,say,tennisgames.Pairsofopponentshittheballbackandforthuntilonewinneremergesfromallwhoentered.Everybodyelseloses.Thiskindofthinkingiswhysomanypeopletrytoavoidarguments,especiallyaboutpoliticsandreligion.41.→42.→F→43.→44.→C→45.英语（一）试题-16-（共14页） PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)ItwasonlyafterIstartedtowriteaweeklycolumnaboutthemedicaljournals,andbegantoreadscientificpapersfrombeginningtoend,thatIrealisedjusthowbadmuchofthemedicalliteraturefrequentlywas.Icametorecognisevarioussignsofabadpaper:thekindofpaperthatpurportstoshowthatpeoplewhoeatmorethanonekiloofbroccoliaweekwere1.17timesmorelikelythanthosewhoeatlesstosufferlateinlifefromperniciousanaemia.(46)Thereisagreatdealofthiskindofnonsenseinthemedicaljournalswhich,whentakenupbybroadcastersandthelaypress,generatesbothhealthscaresandshort-liveddietaryenthusiasms.Whyissomuchbadsciencepublished?Arecentpaper,titled“TheNaturalSelectionofBadScience”,publishedontheRoyalSociety’sopensciencewebsite,attemptstoanswerthisintriguingandimportantquestion.Itsaysthattheproblemisnotmerelythatpeopledobadscience,butthatourcurrentsystemofcareeradvancementpositivelyencouragesit.Whatisimportantisnottruth,butpublication,whichhasbecomealmostanendinitself.Therehasbeenakindofinflationaryprocessatwork:(47)nowadaysanyoneapplyingforaresearchposthastohavepublishedtwicethenumberofpapersthatwouldhavebeenrequiredforthesamepostonly10yearsago.Nevermindthequality,then,countthenumber.(48)Attemptshavebeenmadetocurbthistendency,forexample,bytryingtoincorporatesomemeasureofqualityaswellasquantityintotheassessmentofanapplicant’spapers.Thisisthefamedcitationindex,thatistosaythenumberoftimesapaperhasbeenquotedelsewhereinthescientificliterature,theassumptionbeingthatanimportantpaperwillbecitedmoreoftenthanoneofsmallaccount.(49)Thiswouldbereasonableifitwerenotforthefactthatscientistscaneasilyarrangetocitethemselvesintheirfuturepublications,orgetassociatestodosofortheminreturnforsimilarfavours.Boilingdownanindividual’soutputtosimplemetrics,suchasnumberofpublicationsorjournalimpacts,entailsconsiderablesavingsintime,energyandambiguity.Unfortunately,thelong-termcostsofusingsimplequantitativemetricstoassessresearchermeritarelikelytobequitegreat.(50)Ifweareseriousaboutensuringthatourscienceisbothmeaningfulandreproducible,wemustensurethatourinstitutionsencouragethatkindofscience.英语（一）试题-16-（共14页） SectionIIIWritingPartA51.Directions:Supposeyouareworkingforthe“AidingRuralPrimarySchools”projectofyouruniversity.Writeanemailtoanswertheinquiryfromaninternationalstudentvolunteer,specifyingthedetailsoftheproject.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.Donotuseyourownnameintheemail;use“LiMing”instead.(10points)PartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160–200wordsbasedonthepicturebelow.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethepicturebriefly,2)interprettheimpliedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.WriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)途中英语（一）试题-16-（共14页） 2019年全国硕士研究生招生考试○英语（一）试题参考答案○Ⅰ．英语知识运用1.A2.C3.D4.B5.C6.D7.B8.A9.C10.B11.C12.D13.B14.A15.D16.B17.C18.A19.D20.AⅡ．阅读理解A节21.B22.D23.C24.A25.C26.B27.D28.A29.C30.D31.A32.B33.C34.D35.A36.C37.D38.B39.A40.BB节41.B42.G43.E44.D45.AC节46.医学期刊中充斥着这类无稽之谈，这些东西一经广播和非专业报刊传播，就会引起健康方面的恐慌和对某些饮食的短暂追捧。47.今天，任何一个科研岗位的申请者需要发表文章的数量比短短十年前申报同一岗位时整整翻了一番。48.为遏制这一倾向已经采取了若干措施，比如在评定岗位申请者的论文时，尝试引入一项兼顾数量和质量的评估指标。英语（一）试题-16-（共14页） 49.要不是因为科研人员轻易就能在将来的论文里自我引用，或找同行引用以回报自己提供的类似好处，这项措施本该是合理的。50.如果我们真想保证我们的科研既有意义又可复制，就必须确保我们的体制能激励这样的科研。Ⅲ．写作A节51.（略）B节52.（略）英语（一）试题-16-（共14页）
