Artificial_Intelligence_-_An_Introduction_To_Neural_Networks.pdf

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1、AnintroductiontoNeuralNetworks..BenKrosePatrickvanderSmagtEightheditionNovember19962c1996TheUniversityofAmsterdam.Permissionisgrantedtodistributesinglecopiesofthisbookfornon-commercialuse,aslongasitisdistributedasawholeinitsoriginalform,andthenamesoftheauthorsand

2、theUniversityofAmsterdamarementioned.Permissionisalsograntedtousethisbookfornon-commercialcourses,providedtheauthorsarenotiedofthisbeforehand.Theauthorscanbereachedat:BenKrosePatrickvanderSmagtFacultyofMathematics&ComputerScienceInstituteofRoboticsandSystemDynam

3、icsUniversityofAmsterdamGermanAerospaceResearchEstablishmentKruislaan403,NL{1098SJAmsterdamP.O.Box1116,D{82230WesslingTHENETHERLANDSGERMANYPhone:+31205257463Phone:+498153282400Fax:+31205257490Fax:+498153281134email:krose@fwi.uva.nlemail:smagt@dlr.deURL:http://www

4、.fwi.uva.nl/research/neuro/URL:http://www.op.dlr.de/FF-DR-RS/ContentsPreface9IFUNDAMENTALS111Introduction132Fundamentals152.1Aframeworkfordistributedrepresentation:::::::::::::::::::::152.1.1Processingunits::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::152.1.2Connectionsbetween

5、units::::::::::::::::::::::::::162.1.3Activationandoutputrules::::::::::::::::::::::::::162.2Networktopologies:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::172.3Trainingofarticialneuralnetworks:::::::::::::::::::::::::182.3.1Paradigmsoflearning:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

6、182.3.2Modifyingpatternsofconnectivity::::::::::::::::::::::182.4Notationandterminology:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::182.4.1Notation:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::192.4.2Terminology::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::19IITHEORY213PerceptronandAdaline233.1Net

7、workswiththresholdactivationfunctions::::::::::::::::::::233.2Perceptronlearningruleandconvergencetheorem:::::::::::::::::243.2.1ExampleofthePerceptronlearningrule:::::::::::::::::::253.2.2Convergencetheorem:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::253.2.3TheoriginalPerceptro

8、n::::::::::::::::::::::::::::263.3Theadaptivelinearelement(Adaline)::::::::::::::::::::::::273.4Networkswithlinearactivationfunctions:thedeltarule:::::::::::::