Current status and new horizons in Monte Carlo.pdf

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1、MedBioEngComput(2007)45:809–817DOI10.1007/s11517-007-0207-9REVIEWARTICLECurrentstatusandnewhorizonsinMonteCarlosimulationofX-rayCTscannersHabibZaidiÆMohammadRezaAyReceived:18December2006/Accepted:2June2007/Publishedonline:5July2007ÓInternationalFederationforMedicalandBiologicalEngineering200

2、7AbstractWiththeadventofpowerfulcomputersandarenotinclusive;noimplicationthatthosechosenarebetterparallelprocessingincludingGridtechnology,theuseofthanothersnotmentionedisintended.MonteCarlo(MC)techniquesforradiationtransportsimu-lationhasbecomethemostpopularmethodformodelingKeywordsX-raycom

3、putedtomography(CT)
radiologicalimagingsystemsandparticularlyX-raycom-MonteCarlosimulations
Detector
Scatter
putedtomography(CT).ThestochasticnatureofinvolvedComputationalmodelsprocessessuchasX-rayphotonsgeneration,interactionwithmatteranddetectionmakesMCtheidealtoolforaccuratemodeling.MCcal

4、culationscanbeusedtoassess1Introductiontheimpactofdifferentphysicaldesignparametersonoverallscannerperformance,clinicalimagequalityandX-raycomputedtomography(CT)isamedicalimagingabsorbeddoseassessmentinCTexaminations,whichcanmodalitythatproducescross-sectionalimagesrepresentingbedifficultorev

5、enimpossibletoestimatebyexperimentaltheX-rayattenuationpropertiesofthebody[1,2].Unlikemeasurementsandtheoreticalanalysis.Simulationscanconventionaltwo-dimensional(2D)projectionimaging,alsobeusedtodevelopandassesscorrectionmethodsandCTdoesnotsufferfrominterferencefromstructuresinthereconstruc

6、tionalgorithmsaimingatimprovingimagepatientoutsidetheslicebeingimaged.Recentdevelop-qualityandquantitativeprocedures.ThispaperfocusesmentsinX-rayCTinstrumentationspurredthedevelop-mainlyonrecentdevelopmentsandfuturetrendsinX-raymentofmulti-sliceandflat-paneldetectorconfigurationsCTMCmodelingto

7、olsandtheirareasofapplication.Anthusofferingsignificantimprovementsinvolumecover-overviewofexistingprogramsandtheirusefulfeatureswillage,isotropicspatialresolutionandcontrastutilization[3].begiventogetherwithrecentdevelopmentsinthedesignofDespitewor