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1、DICTIONARYOFEXISTENTIALISMDICTIONARYOFEXISTENTIALISMEditedbyHaimGordonGREENWOODPRESSWestport,ConnecticutLibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataDictionaryofexistentialism/editedbyHaimGordon.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0–313–27404–5(alk.paper)1.Existentialism—D
2、ictionaries.I.Gordon,Haim.B819.D4551999142'.78'03—dc2198–30495BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataisavailable.Copyright1999byHaimGordonAllrightsreserved.Noportionofthisbookmaybereproduced,byanyprocessortechnique,withouttheexpresswrittenconsentofthepublisher.LibraryofCongressCatalog
3、CardNumber:98–30495ISBN:0–313–27404–5Firstpublishedin1999GreenwoodPress,88PostRoadWest,Westport,CT06881AnimprintofGreenwoodPublishingGroup,Inc.www.greenwood.comPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaTMThepaperusedinthisbookcomplieswiththePermanentPaperStandardissuedbytheNationalInformationStand
4、ardsOrganization(Z39.48–1984).10987654321ADVISORYCOMMITTEEFredR.DallmayrSoniaKruksRobertL.PerkinsCONTENTSAcknowledgmentsixIntroductionxiTheDictionary1SelectedBibliography501Index517AbouttheContributors537ACKNOWLEDGMENTSManypeoplehelpedmeinthelongyearsrequiredtobringthisbookintobeing.Mywif
5、e,Rivca,wasaconstantsourceofencouragementandsupport.TheeditorsatGreenwoodPublishingGroupwerepatientandmosthelpful.ProfessorJimmyWeinblat,theDeanofHumanitiesandSocialSciences,andProfessorNahumFinger,theRectorofBenGurionUniversityoftheNegev,wereper-sonallysupportiveandgavefundstocompletethi
6、sproject.Theadvisorycom-mitteegavemuchtimereadingitems.Mysincerethankstoallofyou.INTRODUCTIONAlthoughtheterm‘‘existentialism’’gainedprominenceonlyafterWorldWarII,itdescribesanexcitingareaofphilosophicalactivityandoriginalthinkingthatemergedinthenineteenthcentury,particularlyinthewritingso
7、fFriedrichNietzsche,SørenKierkegaard,andFyodorDostoyevsky.Whatunitesthesenineteenth-centuryexistentialistswiththemanythinkersofthetwentiethcenturywhocontributedtothisareaofphilosophyistheirfocusontheexistenceofeachhumanbeing,especiallyonthewholebeingofeachperson.Suc
