影响汤加生态旅游发展因素的若干思考

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1、关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解北京第二外国语学院有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保留送交论文的复印件，允许论文被查阅和借阅：学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存论文。学生签名：杠j擘j师签夤g篆历日期：一7Ir．，。

2、／影响汤加生态旅游发展因素的若干思考CHAP，I’ERONEIntroductionSincethemid1960stheroleofprivatelandownersinprovidingoutdoorrecreationopportunitieshasbecomeincreasinglyimp

3、ortantaspublicforestsandparkshavebecomecrowdedandlessabletomeetoutdoorrecreationdemand(Owens1964)．Today，muchnature-basedtourismtakesplaceonprivatelands(Birdandlnman1968，Tjaden199∞，ThisisSOtrueintermsofTongabecauseinTongamostofthelandisprivateownmeaningownbythelocals．Ecotourismrelat

4、edenterprisescouldprovideadditionalincometoprivateforestlandownerswhowishtoincreasetheirincomefromsourcesotherthantimber(Johnson1995，LynchandRobinson1998)．However,landownersorlocalswhowanttopromoteecotourismoperationsontheirlandsneedmoreinformationaboutecotourismandaboutrunninganec

5、otourismbusiness．ThisinformationincludesknowingaboutthenaturalresourcesthatCanserveasabaseforecotourismactivities，theneededinfrastructure，environmentalconcerns，businessinformation，andbarrierstoimplementingsuchanopermion，amongothers．Tourismindustryisoneoftheworld’Slargest,ithasshown

6、sustainedgrowthinrevenuesandnumberoftravelers，andhasabroadeconomic，socialandenvironmentalfootprintreachingalmosteverypartoftheEarth。TourismitselfisquitebroadandembracesaIlvisitorstothecountry．whethertheyaleLocalPeopleorfromoverseas．Itincludesanyonewhoisstayingovernightin1影响汤加生态旅游发展

7、因素的若干思考thecountry，onholiday，forbusinesspurposesorvisitingfriendsandrelatives．Moreover，itisaservice-basedindustrycomprisinganumberoftangibleandintangiblecomponents．Thetangibleelementsincludetransport，foodsandbeverages,tours,souvenirsandaccommodation，whiletheintangibledementsinvolvee

8、ducation，culture，andadventureorsimplyescapeandrelaxationl．Definedbyanetworkofservicesofferedtotouristsandbytheinfrastmctureneededtosupportit，thesectorinvolvesawiderangeofplayersincludingprivatesectortourismbusinesses，governmentalandintergovernmentalorganizations，developmentandconse

9、rvationNGOnetworks，consume