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1、谐波滤除器Harmonicfilter谐波和无功的产生和危害Occurrenceandharmofharmonicsandreactivepower现代工业和家电业的技术发展,使得电力电子设备被广泛使用,电力电子设备中大量使用了半导体开关器件,这些器件只允许电流在整个周期的某一部分导通,从而使用户端电网侧电流不连续,造成电流波形的失真。另外对于三相四线制系统,如果三相负荷不平衡,会造成三相电流的不对称。Nowadaysthepowerandelectronicequipmentarewidelyused,theseequipmentsadoptedmanysemi-con
2、ductivecomponents,whichallowsomesectionofafullcurrentwaveonly,andresultindiscontinuouscurrent,namelycurrentdistortion.Alsoforthe3-phase4-wiresystem,ifthethree-phaseloadisunbalanced,itwillleadtoasymmetricalcurrent.根据傅里叶(Fourier)定理,任何周期函数可以分解为一个直流量和一系列正弦量(频率为原始周期函数频率的整数倍)的和,频率等于是原始周期函数的正弦量称
3、为基波,频率等于基波频率“n”倍的正弦量波形称为“n”次谐波。可见纯正弦化的电流波形不含谐波电流成分,而前述的失真的电流波形则含有谐波电流成分。AccordingtoFouriertheorem,anyperiodicalfunctioncanbedecomposedasDCcontentandthesumofseriesofsinusoidalcontents(itsfreqisintegermultipleoforiginalperiodicalfunction),thesinusoidalwavewithfreqsameasoriginalperiodicalfun
4、ctionisbasicwave,“n”timesofthefreqofbasicwaveisNpowerharmonic,consequentlypuresinusoidalcurrentwavedoesnotcontainharmonics,distortedcurrenthasharmoniccontents.下图为典型变频器的输入侧电流波形及傅里ThefollowingfigureisatypicalcasecurrentwaveofinputsideininverterandFourier未滤波的线电源%基波值Basicwavevalueofunfiltered
5、linepowersource未滤波的线电源Unfilteredlinepowersource一般通过波形的“总谐波畸变率简称THD)”来定义波形的失真程度和谐波含量:Generallytotalharmonicdistortionrate(abbreviation:THD)isdefinedasdistortiondegreeandharmoniccontents.其中U1为基波的有效值,Un为“n”次谐波的有效值。U1istheeffectivevalueofbasicwave,Unistheeffectivevalueof“n”powerharmonicwave产生
6、谐波的常见设备有:Thecommonequipmentthatmayproduceharmonicwaves:变压器Transformer发电机Generator开关电源Switchingpowersource各种家用电器Varioushouseholdappliances电梯Elevator整流器Rectifier荧光灯和气体放电灯Fluorescentlampandgasdischarginglamp变频器Inverter电焊机Electricweldingmachine电弧炉和感应电炉Electricarcfurnaceandinductivefurnace.谐波对
7、公用电网和其他系统的危害:使公用电网中的元件产生附加的谐波损耗,影响各种电气设备的正常工作,引起公用电网局部的并联谐振和串联谐振,导致继电保护自动装置和电气测量仪表出错,对邻近的通信系统产生干扰Thehazardsofharmonicsonpublicpowergridandothersystem:makeequipmentinpublicpowergridproduceextraharmonicloss,doinfluenceonthenormalservicingofelectricequipment,leadtopart