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1、QuantumfieldtheoryofthevanderWaalsfrictionA.I.Volokitin1,2∗andB.N.J.Persson11Institutf¨urFestk¨orperforschung,ForschungszentrumJ¨ulich,D-52425,Germany2SamaraStateTechnicalUniversity,443100Samara,RussiaFebruary6,2008AbstractThevanderWaalsfrictionbetweentwosemi
2、-infinitesolids,asmallneutralparticleandsemi-infinitesolidisreconsideredonthebasisofthermalquantumfieldtheoryinMatsubaraformulation.ThefrictioncalculatedinthisapproachisinagreementwiththefrictioncalculatedintheframeworkofdynamicalmodificationoftheLifshitztheoryw
3、ithuseofthefluctuation-dissipationtheorem.ThissolvestheproblemabouttheapplicabilityoftheLifshitztheorytothedynamicalsitua-tion.Inquantumfieldtheorythecalculationofthefrictiontolinearorderintheslidingvelocityisreducedtothefindingoftheequilib-riumGreenfunctions.T
4、husthisapproachcanbeextendedforbodieswithcomplexgeometry.WeshowthatthevanderWaalsfrictioncanbemeasuredinnon-contactfrictionexperimentusingstate-of-the-artequipment.arXiv:cond-mat/0605476v1[cond-mat.mtrl-sci]19May2006∗Correspondingauthor.E-mailaddress:avoli@s
5、amgtu.ru11IntroductionAgreatdealofattentionhasbeendevotedtotheproblemofnon-contactfrictionbetweennanostructures,including,forexample,thefrictionaldragforcebetweenelectronsintwo-dimensionalquantumwells[1,2,3],andthefrictionforcebetweenanatomicforcemicroscopet
6、ipandasubstrate[4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13].Thisisbecauseofitimportanceforultra-sensitiveforcedetectionexperiments.Theabilitytodetectsmallforcesisinextricablylinkedtofrictionviathefluctuation-dissipationtheorem.Ac-cordingtothistheorem,therandomforcethatmakesasma
7、llparticlejitterwouldalsocausefrictioniftheparticlewasdraggedthroughthemedium.Forexample,thedetectionofsinglespinsbymagneticresonanceforcemicroscopy[14],whichhasbeenproposedforthree-dimensionalatomicimaging[15]andquantumcomputation[16],willrequireforcefluctua
8、tions(andconsequentlythefriction)tobereducedtounprecedentedlevels.Inaddition,thesearchforquantumgravitationeffectsatshortlengthscale[17],andfuturemea-surementsoftheCasimirandvanderWaalsforces[18]
