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1、NIALLFERGUSONTheCashNexusMONEYANDPOWERINTHEMODERNWORLD,1700-2000Copyleft©2006PublishedbyBasicBooksAMemberofthePerseusBooksGroupAllrightsreserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanymannerwhatsoeverwithoutwrittenpermissionexceptinthecase
2、ofbriefquotationsembodiedincriticalarticlesandreviews.Forinformation,addressBasicBooks,10East53rdStreet,NewYork,NY10022-5299.ACataloging-in-PublicationrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress.ISBN0-465-02325-8010203/1098765432IInthesecomplicatedtimes...CashP
3、aymentisthesolenexusbetweenmanandman...CashPaymentthesolenexus;andtherearesomanythingswhichcashwillnotpay!Cashisagreatmiracle;yetithasnotallpowerinHeaven,norevenonEarth....THOMASCARLYLE,Chartism(1840)TheGospelofMammonism...hasalsoitscorrespondingheaven.ForthereisoneReal
4、ityamongsomanyPhantasms;aboutonethingweareentirelyinearnest:Themakingofmoney....WehaveprofoundlyforgotteneverywherethatCash-paymentisnotthesolerelationofhumanbeings.THOMASCARLYLE,PastandPresent(1843)Thebourgeoisie...hasleftremainingnoothernexusbetweenmanandmanthannakeds
5、elf-interest,thancallous'cashpayment'.MARXANDENGELS,TheCommunistManifesto(1848)Wearetoldbymenofsciencethatalltheventureofmarinersonthesea,allthatcounter-marchingtribesandracesthatconfoundsallhistorywihtitsdustandrumour,sprangfromnothingmoreabstrusethanthelawsofsupplyand
6、demand,andacertainnaturalinstinctforcheaprations.Toanyonethinkingdeeply,thiswillseemadullandpitifulexplanation.ROBERTLOUISSTEVENSON,"Willo'theMill"(1978)ContentsListofTablesxiListofFiguresxiiiListofIllustrationsxviAcknowledgmentsxviiListofAbbreviationsxixIntroductionISE
7、CTIONONE:SPENDINGANDTAXINGi.TheRiseandFalloftheWarfareState232."HatefulTaxes"513.TheCommonsandtheCastle:RepresentationandAdministration77SECTIONTWO:PROMISESTOPAY4.MountainsoftheMoon:PublicDebts1055.TheMoneyPrinters:DefaultandDebasement1376.OfInterest163SECTIONTHREE:ECON
8、OMICPOLITICS7.DeadWeightsandTax-eaters:TheSocialHistoryofFinance1898.TheSilverbridgeSystem:ElectoralEconomics2