资源描述:
《4.-.The.Beginnings.of.Modern.Science.and.Philosophy.pdf》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、—CHAPTER4TheBeginningsofModernScienceandPhilosophyTheRenaissanceisgenerallydatedfromapproxi-wasfocusedonawiderangeofhumanactivities.mately1450to1600,althoughmanyhistoriansHowdowethink,behave,andfeel?Ofwhatarewewoulddateitsbeginningmuchearlier.Renaissancecapable?Theseandrelatedquestio
2、nsarereflectedinmeans“rebirth,”andduringthisperiodthetendencythefourmajorthemesthatcharacterizedRenais-wastogobacktothemoreopen-mindedmethodofsancehumanism.inquirythathadcharacterizedearlyGreekphiloso-1.Individualism.Therewasgreatconcernwithhu-phy.ItwasatimewhenEuropegraduallyswitched
3、manpotentialandachievement.ThebeliefinfrombeingGod-centeredtobeinghuman-centered.thepoweroftheindividualtomakeapositivedif-IfGodexisted,heexistedinnature;therefore,toferenceintheworldcreatedaspiritofoptimism.studynaturewastostudyGod.Also,becauseGod2.Personalreligion.AlthoughallRenais
4、sancehu-hadgivenhumanstheabilitytocreateworksofart,manistsweredevoutChristians,theywantedre-whynotexercisethatabilitytothefullest?Thenewligiontobemorepersonalandlessformalandviewwasthatthereismoretohumansthantheirritualistic.Theyarguedforareligionthatcouldsouls:Theyhadreliablesensory
5、systems,sowhynotbepersonallyexperiencedratherthanonethatusethem?Theyhadreasoningpowers,sowhynotex-thechurchhierarchyimposedonthepeople.ercisethem?Andtheyhadthecapacityforenjoy-ment,sowhynotenjoy?Afterall,God,inhisinfinite3.Intenseinterestinthepast.TheRenaissancehu-wisdom,musthavegiven
6、humanstheseattributesformanistsbecameenamoredwiththepast.Theareason.Attentionwasdivertedfromtheheavens,worksoftheearlyGreekandRomanpoets,phi-wherethePythagoreans,Platonists,andearlyChris-losophers,andpoliticianswereofspecialinterest.tianshadfocusedit,tohumanslivingintheworld.Renaissa
7、ncescholarswantedtoreadwhattheNowhereisthisspiritofthetimesbetterillustratedancientshadreallysaid,insteadofsomeone’sthanintheworkoftheRenaissancehumanists.interpretation.Theysoughttoassigncorrectau-thorshiptooldmanuscriptsbecausetheauthor-shipofseveralmanuscriptshadbeenassignedRenais
8、sanceHumanis