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1、高考名词性从句定义:在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。高考对于名词性从句考查主要有以下七个方面:1.名词性从句的语序问题2.引导词that与what的区别3.it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4.whether与if的区别5.名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与nomatter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6.名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题7.易混句
2、型的辨析,比如it作形式主语,主语从句后置的句型与强调句型,与定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。语法要点一、名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词:that,whether,if,asif;that无词义,在从句中不担任成分,只起连接作用,有时可省略。if(whether),asif虽有词义,但在从句中不担任成分; 连接代词:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which,whichever.连接副词:when,where,how,why有词义,在从句
3、中担任成分,作状语;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。不可省略的连词:1.介词后的连词Icanjudgebywhat(=thethingsthat)Iknowofhim.Shewalkeduptowherehestood.2.引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.比较:Whether与if均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下,whethe
4、r不能被if取代:1.Whether引导主语从句并在句首;2.引导表语从句3.Whether从句作介词宾语;4.从句后有"ornot"Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.5.可以用whether…or引导让步状语从句,意为“无论,不论”,if则不可.例如:Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?Everythingde
5、pendsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?二、具体分类1.主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句句型:(1)连词
6、连接代词
7、连接副词+主语从句+主句谓语部分例如:Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.Whowillbeinchargeoftheprojecthasn’tbeendecidedyet.(2)有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用i
8、t代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:(1)It+be+名词(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句Itisasurprisethat… 令人惊奇的是……Itisafactthat… 事实是……Itisnosurprisethatourteamwonthegame.(2)It+be+形容词(obvious,true,na
9、tural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that-从句Itisnecessarythat… 有必要……Itisimportantthat… 重要的是……Itisobviousthat… 很明显……Itisprobablethathetoldhereverything.(3)It+be+-ed分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,
10、etc,)+that-从句Itisbelievedthat… 人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat… 从所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat… 已决定……ItisdecidedthatthemeetinghasbeenputofftillnextMonday.(4)It+不及物动词(appear,happen,occur,etc)+that从句Itappearsthat… 似乎……Ithappenst