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1、2011考研普地专业课重点Sedimentaryfacies:thematerialmanifestationofsedimentaryenvironment・Itcanreflectthecharacteristicsofsedimentaryrocksandthecharacteristicsofpaleontology.Itcanbedividedintocontinentaifaciesandmarinefacies,andcontinentalfaciescanbedividedintofluvialfacies,glacialfacies,desertf
2、acies,lacustrinefaciesandpiedmontfacies・MarinefaciescanbedividedintoshallowseafaciesandsubabyssalseasLowtemperaturegradient:temperaturesbelowthenormaltemperatureincreasewithincreasingdepth.Thedepthofeachincreaseofonehundredmeters,thedegreeofincreaseingeothermaltemperatureiscalledgeothe
3、rmalwarmingrateorlowtemperaturegradient(theaveragetemperaturegradientonthemainlandisthreedegrees)Stratification(bedding)iscausedbythedifferencesincolor,mineralcomposition,clasticcharacteristicsandstructuresofdifferentpartsoftherock,andisformedbythechangeofsedimentarypropertiesindiffere
4、ntperiods・Itisthemostcharacteristicandbasicsedimentarystructureofsedimentaryrocks,includingparallelbeddingandcrossbeddingTheridgeishuge:theglobaloceanstretchingmountains・ManyIongitudinalfracturesdevelopalongtheextensionoftheoceanicridge,whichleadstoagradualdescentoftheridgefromitsridge
5、tothetwoslope・ThisfeatureoftheridgeisaluanifestationoftheruptureofthelithosphereFractionalcrystallization:acomponentofmagmathatcrystallizesatdifferentlevelsofmineralmeltingtoproducemineralsofdifferentcompositionsinturn,formingdifferenttypesofrockinturn.Custer(karst):thegeologicalaction
6、ofthemaingroundwaterforchemicaldissolutionofthesolublerock,supplementedbymechanicalerosion,andthetopographyproducedbythesegeologicalactions・Mantleplume:partofthemantlewherethetemperatureishigher,andthesmallerproportionofthematerialiscolumnar,risingfromthedeeptoformamantleplume・Coriolis
7、effect:movementofallthingsonearth,includingthemovementofwater,thesameeffectwouldbetheearth，srotationanddeflection,thedeflectiondirectioninthenorthernhemispheretotheleft,totherightinthesouthernhemisphere,thiseffectiscalledInterlocution:1,geologicalprocessesandtypesofinternalandexterna
