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1、personifythevanishingaristocracyoftheSouth,stillmaintainingablackservantandbeingruthlessbetrayedbyamoneymakingYankee.Sometimesapartofacharacter’sbodyoranattributemayconveysymbolicmeaning,forexample,abalefuleyeinEdgarAllanPoe’s“TheTell-TaleHeart.” 4.Symbolusedinworksoffictionisthesym
2、bolicact Anotherkindofsymbolcommonlyemployedinworksoffictionisthesymbolicact:anactoragesturewithlargersignificancethanitsliteralmeaning.CaptainAhabinMelville’sMoby-Dickdeliberatelysnapshistobaccopipeandthrowsitawaybeforesettingoutinpursuitofthehugewhale,agesturesuggestingthatheisdet
3、erminedtotakehisrevengeandwillletnothingtodistracthimfromit.Anothertypicalsymbolicactistheburningofthebarnbytheboy’sfatherinFaulkner’s“BarnBurning”:itisanactofnomeredestroyingabarn,butanexpressionofhisprofoundspiteandhatredtowardsthatclassofpeoplewhohavedrivenhisfamilyoutofhisland.H
4、ishatredextendstoanythinghedoesnotpossesshimselfand,beyondthat,burningabarnreflectsthefather’smemoriesofthe“wasteandextravaganceofwar”andthe“elementoffirespoketosomedeepmainspring”inhisbeing. 5.Asymbolisatrope Inabroadliterarysense,asymbolisatropethatcombinesaliteralandsensuousquali
5、tywithannecessaryorsuggestiveaspect.However,inliterarycriticismitisnecessarytodistinguishsymbolfromimage,metaphor,and,especially,allegory. Animage Animageisaliteralandconcreterepresentationofasensoryexperienceorofanobjectthat canbeknownbyoneormoreofthesenses.Itisthemeansbywhichexper
6、ienceinitsrichnessandemotionalcomplexityiscommunicated.(HolmanandHarmon,AHandbooktoLiterature,1986)Imagesmaybeliteralorfigurative,aliteralimagebeingonethatinvolvesnonecessarychangeorextensionintheobviousmeaningofthewords.Proseworksareusuallyfullofthiskindofimage.Forexample,novelsand
7、storiesbyConardandHemingwayarenotedfortheevocativepoweroftheirliteralimages.Afigurativeimageisonethatinvolvesa“turn”ontheliterarymeaningofthewords.Forexample,inthelines“Itisabeauteousevening,calmandfree;/Theholytimeisquietasanun,”thesecondlineishighlyfigurativewhilethefirstlineevoke
8、saliteralimage.Weco
