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1、ExploringtheQuantumThispageintentionallyleftblankExploringtheQuantumAtoms,CavitiesandPhotonsSergeHarocheProfesseur,Coll`egedeFranceJean-MichelRaimondProfesseur,Universit´eP.etM.CurieetInstitutUniversitairedeFrance1OXPORDUNIVERSITYPRESSGreatClarendonStreet,OxfordOX26DPOxfordUniversityPressisadepartme
2、ntoftheUniversityofOxford.ItfurtherstheUniversity'sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship,andeducationbypublishingworldwideinOxfordNewYorkAucklandCapeTownDaresSalaamHongKongKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobiNewDelhiShanghaiTaipeiTorontoWithofficesinArgentinaAustriaBrazilChileCze
3、chRepublicFranceGreeceGuatemalaHungaryItalyJapanPolandPortugalSingaporeSouthKoreaSwitzerlandThailandTurkeyUkraineVietnamOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountriesPublishedintheUnitedStatesbyOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork©OxfordUniversityPress2006Themoralr
4、ightsoftheauthorhavebeenassertedDatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker)Firstpublished2006Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orund
5、ertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographicsrightsorganization.EnquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressaboveYoumustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcoverandyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirerBritishLibra
6、ryCataloguinginPublicationDataDataavailableLibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataDataavailablePrintedinGreatBritainonacid-freepaperbyBiddiesLtd.,www.biddles.co.ukISBN0-19-850914-6978-0-19-850914-l(Hbk)13579108642ToClaudine,JulienandJudithFabienne,YvesandMarieThispageintentionallyleftblankForew
7、ordThecounter-intuitiveaspectsofquantumphysicswereillustratedintheearlydaysofthetheorybyfamousthoughtexperiments,fromtheEinsteinandBohrphotonboxtoSchr¨odinger’scat.Modernversionsoftheseexperiments,inv
