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时间:2019-01-09
《我国雷暴天气时空分布及预报预警研究进展》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、我国雷暴天气时空分布及预报预警研究进展摘要雷暴天气是指伴有雷电、冰雹、大风和强降水的局地强对流性天气。我国夏季雷电灾害占全年雷电灾害的66%,严重威胁到飞机人工增雨、高炮防雹作业的安全。首先,分析了我国雷暴天气的时空分布特征;其次,在回顾国内外雷暴天气研究进展、雷暴天气成因和预报预警方法的基础上,探讨了雷暴天气防灾减灾的途径及方法。分析表明,雷暴天气的强弱与近地层大气不稳定、地气温差高低、相对湿度大小等关系密切,而特殊的地理环境和天气气候背景是我国雷暴天气多发、易发的重要条件,同时也是建立雷暴天气预报预警模型的着眼点;而雷达、云图和闪电定位仪等
2、探测资料是提高雷暴天气短临预报预警水平的重要依据。关键词雷暴;气象灾害;时空分布;成因;预报预警中图分类号P446;P457.9文献标识码A文章编号1007-5739(2016)10-0212-04TemporalandSpatialDistributionofThunderstormWeatherandForecastEarlyWarningResearchProgressZHANGJian-hui1,2XUQi-yun1,2YINXian-zhi1,2CHENQi1,2YANGZeng-zi1,2(1LanzhouInstituteofAr
3、idMeteorologyofChineseMeteorologicalBureau,KeyLaboratoryofAridClimateChangeandDisasterReduction,12AridClimateChangeandDisasterReductionKeyLaboratoryofChineseMeteorologicalBureau,LanzhouGansu730020;2GansuWeatherModificationOffice)AbstractThethunderstormisalocalstrongconvectio
4、nweatheraccompanyingwithlight,hail,strongwindandheavyprecipitation.InChina,thelightningstrikesinsummertakeupabout66%inawholeyear,whichseriouslythreatenedthesafetyofaircraftrainenhancementandcannonhail-suppressionoperation.Inthispaper,thespatialandtemporalcharacteristicsofthu
5、nderstormswereanalyzedfirst,thenbasedonapeerreviewofstudiesonthunderstormscauses,monitionandforecast,thewaysandmethodsofdisasterpreventionandmitigationwerediscussed.Theanalysisshowedthattheintensityofthunderstormswasrelatedwithstabilityofatmosphereinboundarylayer,thetemperat
6、uredifferencebetweentheatmosphereandground,relativehumiditydegree.Thespecialgeographicalenvironmentandweatherclimatebackgroundisthemostimportantconditionthatthunderstormispronetogenerateanddevelopinchina,butalsothefocusinthethunderstormwarningandforecastingmodels;radars,sate
7、lliteandlightninglocatorandotherequipmentwillplayamoreimportantroleinimprovingthelevelofshort-termandnowcastforecastas12wellasmonitoringandearly-warningsystemofthunderstorms.Keywordsthunderstorm;meteorologicaldisaster;temporalandspatialdistribution;causes;forecastwarning1990
8、年,联合国有关组织统计的1947―1980年全球造成死亡人员最严重的前4种自然灾害,依次分别为热带气旋(包括台风和飓风)、地震、洪水和雷暴(包括龙卷风
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