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1、LINGUISTICUNIVERSALSANDLANGUAGECHANGEThispageintentionallyleftblankLINGUISTICUNIVERSALSANDLANGUAGECHANGEEditedbyJeffGood13GreatClarendonStreet,OxfordOX26DPOxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford.ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,sch
2、olarship,andeducationbypublishingworldwideinOxfordNewYorkAucklandCapeTownDaresSalaamHongKongKarachiKualaLumpurMadridMelbourneMexicoCityNairobiNewDelhiShanghaiTaipeiTorontoWithofficesinArgentinaAustriaBrazilChileCzechRepublicFranceGreeceGuatemalaHungaryItalyJapanPolandPortug
3、alSingaporeSouthKoreaSwitzerlandThailandTurkeyUkraineVietnamOxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressintheUKandincertainothercountriesPublishedintheUnitedStatesbyOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork©EditorialmatterandorganizationJeffGood2008©Thechapterstheirseverala
4、uthors2008ThemoralrightsoftheauthorshavebeenassertedDatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker)Firstpublished2008byOxfordUniversityPressAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,withoutthepriorpermis
5、sioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress,orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriatereprographicsrightsorganization.EnquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment,OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressaboveYoumustnotc
6、irculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcoverandyoumustimposethesameconditiononanyacquirerBritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataDataavailableLibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataDataavailableTypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,IndiaPrintedinGreatBritainonacid-f
7、reepaperbyBiddlesLtd.,King’sLynn,NorfolkISBN978–0–19–929849–5(Pbk.)ISBN978–0–19–922899–7(Hbk.)13579108642CONTENTSTheContributorsixAbbreviationsxiii1.Introduction1JeffGood1.1Diachrony,synchrony,explanation,anduniversals11.2Onthesenseofuniversalusedhere21.3Explaininguniversa
8、ls61.4Structuralapproaches91.5Historicalapproaches111.6Externalapproaches151.7Conclusion1