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1、宾语从句1.宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中做及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语eg,Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.(形容词宾语)2.宾语从句的引导词有三类:(1) 以that引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导肯定句形式的宾语从句,that可以省略。可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say,think,wish,hope,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe
2、,agree,expect,explain,oreder,feel,report等eg,Theradiosays(that)thecloudswillliftlateron. Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus.(2) 以连接代词which,what,who,whose等或连接副词how,where,when,why等引导的宾语从句,从句是陈述语序 eg,Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematterwithyou?Iwanttoknowhowsoonitwillbegin.(3) 以whether或if
3、引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序 eg,Iwonderif/whetheruhavetoldthenewtoLiLei.注:宾语从句中一律用陈述语序:关联词+主+谓3.宾语从句的时态(1) 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时,从句可用所需要的任何时态。eg,Iwanttoknowwhattimehegotupthismorning. Youaretellingmethatyouwon'tstopuntiltomorrow?(2) 当主句为一般过去时态时,从句要用于过去有关的时态
4、。eg,TheyaskedwhatJeanwasdoingnow.Lindasaidthatthetrainhadleft.(3) 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时,宾语从句要使用一般现在时。eg,Lisaaskedwhetherlighttravelsfasterthansound. Pollysaidnonewsisagoodnews注:当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等,宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句。Eg:Idon’tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.
5、我认为他那样对待你是不对的。4.一般情况下,whether和if可以互用,但下列情况只能用whether。 (1) 在带to的不定式前,eg,Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertowalkthere (2) 引导词与ornot连用时,eg,Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot?(3)在介词的后面eg,I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgotoseethefilm. 另: if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,这时不能用whether.eg,Youcan'tworktheplanoutifyoudo
6、n'thavethemeeting.例题解析:1. Theteacheraskedthestudents________.A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaurs B.whenwasAlbertEinsteinbornC.whattheywilldowiththecomputers D.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted解析:宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序,答案B首先删去,主句一般过去式,从句要用于过去有关的时态,删去答案C和D,答案A中的if意为如果.应选A2. Couldyoutellme____
7、___?A. whatthematteriswithyou B.whatwasthematterwithyouC.hat'sthematterwithyou D.what'sthewrongwithyou.解析:what就是从句的主语,what'sthematterwithyou本身就是陈述语序,因此删掉A;主句可看作是委婉的请求,并是一般过去式,可删去答案B;wrong前不用加the,因此此题选C.3.Heaskedme_______Icouldsingthesong"MyHeartwillGoOn."A.if B.weather C.
8、what D.that 解析:此句应选含有疑问意思的关系代