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1、OSHATechnicalManual(OTM)SectionV:Chapter2 EffectiveDate:1/20/1999DirectiveNumber:TED01-00-015EXCAVATIONS:HAZARDRECOGNITIONINTRENCHINGANDSHORINGI.IntroductionII.DefinitionsIII.Overview:SoilMechanicsIV.DeterminationofSoilTypeV.TestEquipmentandMethodsforEvaluatingSoilTypeVI.ShoringTypesVII.Shieldi
2、ngTypesVIII.SlopingandBenchingIX.SpoilX.SpecialHealthandSafetyConsiderationsXI.BibliographyAppendixV:2-1.SiteAssessmentQuestionsForproblemswithaccessibilityinusingfiguresandillustrationsinthisdocument,pleasecontacttheOfficeofScienceandTechnologyAssessmentat(202)693-2095.I.INTRODUCTIONExcavating
3、isrecognizedasoneofthemosthazardousconstructionoperations.OSHArecentlyrevisedSubpartP,Excavations,of29CFR1926.650,1926.651,and1926.652tomakethestandardeasiertounderstand,permittheuseofperformancecriteriawherepossible,andprovideconstructionemployerswithoptionswhenclassifyingsoilandselectingemplo
4、yeeprotectionmethods.ThischapterisintendedtoassistOSHATechnicalManualusers,safetyandhealthconsultants,OSHAfieldstaff,andothersintherecognitionoftrenchingandshoringhazardsandtheirprevention.II.DEFINITIONSA.AcceptedEngineeringPracticesareprocedurescompatiblewiththestandardsofpracticerequiredofare
5、gisteredprofessionalengineer.B.AdjacentStructuresStabilityreferstothestabilityofthefoundation(s)ofadjacentstructureswhoselocationmaycreatesurcharges,changesinsoilconditions,orotherdisruptionsthathavethepotentialtoextendintothefailurezoneoftheexcavationortrench.C.CompetentPersonisanindividualwho
6、iscapableofidentifyingexistingandpredictablehazardsorworkingconditionsthatarehazardous,unsanitary,ordangeroustoemployees,andwhohasauthorizationtotakepromptcorrectivemeasurestoeliminateorcontrolthesehazardsandconditions.D.ConfinedSpaceisaspacethat,bydesignand/orconfiguration,haslimitedopeningsfo
7、rentryandexit,unfavorablenaturalventilation,maycontainorproducehazardoussubstances,andisnotintendedforcontinuousemployeeoccupancy.E.Excavation.AnExcavationisanyman-madecut,cavity,trench,ordepressioninanearthsurfacethatisformedbyea
