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1、直接引语和间接引语引述别人的话时,一般采用两种方式:一是引用别人的原话,把它放在引号内,称为直接引语;二是用自己的话加以转述,被转述的话不放在引号内,称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语时,要注意以下几点:人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序等。 1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that引导。例如: Shesaid,“Iamveryhappytobewithyou.”→Shesaid(that)shewasveryhappytobewithme. Hesaid,“Iwillchooseabookformystudents
2、.”→Hesaid(that)hewouldchooseabookforhisstudents. 2.直接引语是一般疑问句时,变成间接引语,由连词whether或if引导。例如: Heaskedme,“DoyoulikewatchingTV?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedwatchingTV. Heasked,“Areyousureyourmotherwillcome?”→Heaskedmewhether/ifIwassuremymotherwouldcome. 注意:大多数情况下,if和whether在引导宾语从句时可以互换,但后紧跟ornot时
3、,一般只用whether。例如: Sheaskedmewhetherornothecoulddothework./Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddotheworkornot. 3.直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的连接词who,whom,what,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。例如: Heasked:“Whereareyoutogetoff,John?”→HeaskedJohnwherehewastogetoff. Mysisteraskedme,“Howdoyouliketheplay?”→Mysisteraske
4、dmehowIlikedtheplay. Tomaskedme,“Whoistheboyoverthere?”→Tomaskedme,“Whowastheboyoverthere?” 4.直接引语是祈使句,其间接引语由主语+动词ask(委婉语气),tell(一般语气),order(命令语气)或warn,advise等+复合宾语(名/代词+动词不定式)构成。如: Hesaid,“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.”→Heaskedmetogothereagainthenextday. “Becarefulwiththedog.”→Hewarnedmet
5、obecarefulwiththedog. 5.直接引语变间接引语时,如果引述动词为过去式,需注意时态的变化:如: 1)Bettysaid,“Linglingissingingintheclassroomnow.”现在进行时→ BettysaidLinglingwassingingintheclassroomthen.-过去进行时 2)Hesaid,“IwillgotoLondonnextweek.”一般将来时→ HesaidhewouldgotoLondonnextweek.过去将来时 3)Mymothersaid,“Ihavealreadycleanedtheho
6、use.”现在完成时→ Mymothersaidshehadalreadycleanedthehouse.过去完成时 注意: 1.直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,主句尽管是过去时态,变成间接引语时,时态仍然用一般现在时态。例如: Theytoldtheirson,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”→Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun. 2.直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等要作相应的变化。如:this→that,these→those,now→then,today→thatda
7、y,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastyear→theyearbefore,ago→before,here→therecome→go等。例如: Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenthemtoday.”→Hesaidthathehadn’tseenthemthatday. 但是,如果转述时对话人双方就在原来的地方,或在说话的当天,就不必改变相应的时间状语、地点状语等。总之,对这些变化不能机械理解,应根据实际情况来决定所作的变化。 3.间接引语一般要用