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1、第23卷第12期2003年12月生态学报ACTAECOLOGICASINICAVol.23,No.12Dec.,2003农田土壤磷素淋溶及其预测吕家珑(西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100)摘要:农田土壤磷的淋溶损失,不仅造成肥料利用率降低、农业生产成本上升,还能引起地下和地表水体富营养化。在综合大量中外文献的基础上,阐述了农田土壤磷素淋溶问题的提出、淋溶对水体富营养化的贡献、淋溶液中磷素的形态及其比例、影响土壤磷素淋溶的因子、淋溶机理、预测方法,并对农田土壤磷素淋溶及其预测作了展望。关键词:农田土壤;磷;淋溶;预测方法Phosphoru
2、sleachingfromagriculturalsoilsanditspredictionLUJia2Long(ResourcesandEnvironmentalCollege,NorthwestSci2TechUniversityofAgricultureandForestry,Yangling,Shaanxi712100,China).ActaEcologicaSinica,2003,23(12):2689～2701.Abstract:Phosphorus(P)isanessentialelementforplantgrowth.Italsoisak
3、eyelementforeutrophicationofwaterbodies.ThelossofPfromagriculturalsoilsnotonlyleadstoadecreaseintheutilizationratiooffertilizersandanincreaseinthecostofagriculturalproduction,butalsogivesrisetotheeutrophicationofsurfacewaterandgroundwater.Eutrophication,causedbyPenrichment,firstca
4、metotheforeinthe1960s,mostnotablyintheGreatLakesregionoftheUSAandCanada.Inthefollowingdecade,ahostofotherwaterbodies,sufferingfromvaryingdegreesofphosphorusenrichment,wereidentifiedaroundtheworld.Therearetwowaysforphosphorustoenterwaterbodies2pointsourceandnon2pointsource.Humanbei
5、ngsdidnotpayenoughattentiontoPlossfromagriculturallandtowaterbodiesuntilthe1960sbecauseofitslimitedmovementinsoils.Pmaybelostfromagriculturallandtowaterbodiesbyseveralprocesses.Theseincludeerosion,surfacerunoffandleaching.Itisreportedthatabout35%ofthePinputstonaturalwatersnowcomef
6、romagricultureintheUK,70%inDenmark,and38%inGermany.SincemostsoilshaveaveryhighabsorptioncapacityforP,usuallyfarexceedingthequantitiesofPaddedasmanuresorfertilizers,ithaslongbeenconsideredthatleachinglossesofPfromsoiltowaterarenegligibleinmostcases.TheconcentrationofPrequiredtotrig
7、gereutrophicationinfreshwaterisextremelysmall(aslowas0102～01035mgPƒL.TheproblemofPleachingfromsoiltowaterwasgenerallynotconsideredimportantuntilthe1980s.WhenresearchersfirstmeasuredPlossesindrainagewaterintheUKandUSA.ItwasreportedthatPindrainagewatercamefromfarmyardmanureappliedto
8、sandysoil.Morerecently,reportsabo
