定语从句讲义[个人精心整理]

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1、WORD格式整理版一．定语从句定义及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。   关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。  关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句B.代替先行词,C.在定语从句中担当一个成分关系词先行词从句成分例句关系代词who人主语，宾语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmothe

2、r?whom人宾语Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingwhose人，物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.that人，物主语，宾语表语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.Sheisnotthepersonthatsheusedtobewhich物主语，宾

3、语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主语，宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.备注Who,whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that和who关系副词when时间状语 I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays

4、 together.where地点状语I know a place where we can have a picnicwhy原因状语This is the reason why he was fired.  二．关系代词表格学习指导参考WORD格式整理版例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）①Doyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek?（作主语）②Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonbepublished.（作主语）③Theplanthat/whichth

5、eyarguedaboutwassettledatlast.（作宾语）④Thisisthenewsecretary(who/whom/that)Iwouldliketointroducetoyou.（作宾语）⑤Thesoldierwhoselegswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.（作定语）三．6个关系代词的用法1）关系代词that和which的用法which,that在代替物时，一般可以通用。Hisfatherworksinafactorythat/whichmakesTVsets.Thecoat(which/that)Iputont

6、hedeskisblack.▲但在有些情况下，只用that1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。①Thisisthebestwaythathasbeenusedagainstpollution.②Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.2.先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。①Thisisthelastplace(that)Iwanttovisit.②ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.3.先行词是all,m

7、uch,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等不定代词时。①Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.②Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.③Thelittlemoney(that)hehadwasstolen.4.先行词前面有theonly,thevery,等修饰时。