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1、ChapterOneIntroductionJackLondon,whoserealnameisJohnGriffithLondon,wasbornonJanuary12,1876.Hewasachildbornoutofwedlock,“theillegitimatesonofW.H.Chaney,atalentedandself-taughtmanwhobecameanastrologer,andFloraWellman,aneccentricwomanfromawealthyOhiofamilywhowasbothaspiritualistandmusicteacher.”(吴,
2、1900:111).Londongrewupinextremepovertyandhadreallyrichlifeexperienceswhichwererarelyexperiencedbyotherwritersintheworld.“Fromearliestyouthhesupportedhimselfwithmenialanddangerousjobs,experiencingprofoundlythestruggleforsurvivalthatmostotherwritersandintellectualsknewonlyfromobservationorbooks.”(
3、吴,1900:111)Hebegantoworkforlifeafterhefinishedprimaryschoolandlaterbecameaheadofpunkwithmanyskills.Thenheworkedinacanneryandasanoysterpirate,seaman,jutemillworker,andcoalshoveler.Aftercrossingmuchofthecontinentasamemberof“Coxey’sArmy”,hewasjailedforthirtydaysforvagrancy.Atthispointhedeterminedto
4、educatehimselfinordertoimprovehisownconditionandthatofothers.ThosespecificlifeexperiencesprovidedabundantmaterialsforLondon’slaterworks.In1900,heproducedhisfirststoriesTheSonofWolfwhichwonhimthenationwidereputation.Sincethenbecauseofhisuniquestyleofworks,hisstorieswerelovedbyalmosteveryoneinthew
5、orld.TheCalloftheWildisoneofthemasterpiecesofJackLondon,whichwascombinedwithhisexperiencesinthenorthwhenhewasengagedinlookingforgold.ItisastoryaboutadognamedBuck.BuckwasalargedoggivenbirthtobyaSt.Bernarddogandacolliemixedbreeddog.Hewaswild,sensitiveandwiththeheavywolfidentityindeepheart.Hewasdil
6、igentwhenhepulledthesledwhileheshowedhisfiercenessandwitwhenhewasfighting.OriginallyBuckhadlivedinajudge’sfamilyandhadenjoyedacomfortablelife,buthewasstolenbythejudge’sgardenerandsoldtothepostoffice.Intheend,hewassenttoAlaskatopullmailsledincoldarea.BuckwasoncesoldtotwoFrenchCanadiansandwastreat
7、edbadlybythecruelandinexorablemen.Afteraperiodoftime,hehadlearnedhowtopullsledsandkepttrekkingdayafterdayintheiceandsnow.Toacclimatizehimselfbettertothenewcruelconditions,helearnedtostealtocomforthishungryandtoquenchhisthirs
