片机控制系统外文翻译

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1、MicrocomputerSystemsElectronicsystemsareusedforhandinginformationinthemostgeneralsense;thisinformationmaybetelephoneconversation,instrumentreadoracompany’saccounts,butineachcasethesamemaintypeofoperationareinvolved:theprocessing,storageandtransmissionofinformation.inconv

2、entionalelectronicdesigntheseoperationsarecombinedatthefunctionlevel;forexampleacounter,whetherelectronicormechanical,storesthecurrentandincrementsitbyoneasrequired.Asystemsuchasanelectronicclockwhichemployscountershasitsstorageandprocessingcapabilitiesspreadthroughoutth

3、esystembecauseeachcounterisabletostoreandprocessnumbers.Presentdaymicroprocessorbasedsystemsdepartfromthisconventionalapproachbyseparatingthethreefunctionsofprocessing,storage,andtransmissionintodifferentsectionofthesystem.Thispartitioningintothreemainfunctionswasdevised

4、byVonNeumannduringthe1940s,andwasnotconceivedespeciallyformicrocomputers.Almosteverycomputerevermadehasbeendesignedwiththisstructure,anddespitetheenormousrangeintheirphysicalforms,theyhaveallbeenofessentiallythesamebasicdesign.Inamicroprocessorbasedsystemtheprocessingwil

5、lbeperformedinthemicroprocessoritself.Thestoragewillbebymeansofmemorycircuitsandthecommunicationofinformationintoandoutofthesystemwillbebymeansofspecialinput/output(I/O)circuits.Itwouldbeimpossibletoidentifyaparticularpieceofhardwarewhichperformedthecountinginamicroproce

6、ssorbasedclockbecausethetimewouldbestoredinthememoryandincrementedatregularintervalsbutthemicroprocessor.However,thesoftwarewhichdefinedthesystem’sbehaviorwouldcontainsectionsthatperformedascounters.Theapparentlyratherabstractapproachtothearchitectureofthemicroprocessora

7、nditsassociatedcircuitsallowsittobeveryflexibleinuse,sincethesystemisdefinedalmostentirelysoftware.Thedesignprocessislargelyoneofsoftwareengineering,andthesimilarproblemsofconstructionandmaintenancewhichoccurinconventionalengineeringareencounteredwhenproducingsoftware.7T

8、hefigure1.1illustrateshowthesethreesectionswithinamicrocomputerareconnectedintermsofthecommunicationofi