武大分子生物学课件chapter 7

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1、WelcomeEachofYoutoMyMolecularBiologyClassMolecularBiologyoftheGene,5/E---Watsonetal.(2004)PartI:ChemistryandGeneticsPartII:MaintenanceoftheGenomePartIII:ExpressionoftheGenomePartIV:RegulationPartV:Methods3/11/05PartII:MaintenanceoftheGenomeDedicatedtothestructureof

2、DNAandtheprocessesthatpropagate,maintainandalteritfromonecellgenerationtothenextCh6:ThestructuresofDNAandRNACh7:Chromosomes,chromatinsandthenucleosomeCh8:ThereplicationofDNACh9:ThemutabilityandrepairofDNACh10:HomologousrecombinationatthemolecularlevelCh11:Site-spec

3、ificrecombinationandtranspositionofDNA3/11/05CHAPTER7:Chromosomes,chromatin,andthenucleosomeConsiderthestructureofDNAwithinthecell,andthebiologicalrelevanceofthestructure.DNAisassociatedwithproteinsincells,bothprokaryotesandeukaryotes,evenvirusesEachDNAanditsassoci

4、atedproteinsiscalledachromosomeNucleus:细胞核;Nucleolus:核仁Nucleoid:类核Mitosis:有丝分裂；Meiosis：减数分裂interphase：分裂间期Histone:组蛋白；Nucleosome:核小体Chromotasome:染色小体Chromosome:染色体；Chromatin:染色质；eu-;hetero-Centromere(中心粒）Telomere（端粒）RepetitiveDNA(重复DNA)Tandemgenecluster（串联基因簇）Vocab

5、ularyTheimportanceofpackingofDNAintochromosomesChromosomeisacompactformoftheDNAthatreadilyfitsinsidethecellToprotectDNAfromdamageDNAinachromosomecanbetransmittedefficientlytobothdaughtercellsduringcelldivisionChromosomeconfersanoverallorganizationtoeachmoleculeofDN

6、A,whichfacilitatesgeneexpressionaswellasrecombinationHalfofthemolecularmassofeukaryoticchromosomeisproteinIneukaryoticcellsagivenregionofDNAwithitsassociatedproteinsiscalledchromatinThemajorityoftheassociatedproteinsaresmall,basicproteinscalledhistones.Otherprotein

7、sassociatedwiththechromosomearereferredtoasnon-histoneproteins,includingnumerousDNAbindingproteinsthatregulatethetranscription,replication,repairandrecombinationofDNA.Proteinsinchromosome(1)Nucleosomes:regularassociationofDNAwithhistonestoformastructureeffectivelyc

8、ompactingDNAProteinsinchromosome(2)Whatisthecost(challenge)ofcompactionofDNAintochromosome?Howthechallengecouldberesolved?Whataretheadvantageofth