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1、初中英语基础语法一、词类名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词1.名词名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange.1.1名词的分类英语名词可分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。1)专有名词:是国名、地名、人名、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如:Beijing,Tom,thePeople’sRepublicofChina(中华人民共和国)1.1名词的分类2)普通名词:是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词。如:pupil,family,man,foo
2、t,sadness,hope,friendship1.1名词的分类普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。▲可数名词:是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词如:box,child,orange;▲不可数名词:是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water,news,oil,population,information.1.2名词复数的变化1.可数名词的复数:规则变化/不规则变化(1)规则变化形式:名词的复数形式,一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。1)一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,book-books,truth-truths2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-e
3、sbus-buses,class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities,baby-babies练一练lemon---__________beach---_______class---_______fox---_______library---_______butterfly---_______baby---_____day---_____pencil---_____
4、____watch---_______lemonsbeachesclassesfoxeslibrariesbutterfliesbabieswatchesdayspencilssurvey----subway----apartment----identity----parcel----fee----track----surveyssubwaysapartmentsidentitiesparcelsfeestracks1.---CanIhelpyou?---Three_______(doll),please.2.Ilike____________(strawberry)
5、becausetheyaresweetandjuicy.3.Idon’tlike_______(fly)becausetheyareuglyanddirty.4.Theycomefromdifferent_________(country).dollsstrawberriesfliescountries4)以-f或-fe结尾的名词一般变-f或-fe为v再加-esleaf-leavesthief-thievesknife-kniveswife-wiveshalf-halves5)有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加-schief-chiefsroof-roofspotat
6、o-potatoestomato-tomatoesradio-radioszoo-zoos6)以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-es,以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-spotato-potatoestomato-tomatoesradio-radios,zoo-zoos*piano-pianosphoto-photos构成方法例词一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps,book-books,truth-truths以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-esbus-buses,class-classes,box-boxes,watch-watches,dish-dishes以
7、辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-esparty-parties,family-families,story-stories,city-cities,baby-babies以-f或-fe结尾的名词一般变-f或-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves,thief-thieves,knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词直接加-schief-chiefs,proof-proofs,roof-roofs以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-es,以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-shero-heroes