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1、第4卷第6期储能科学与技术Vol.4No.62015年11月EnergyStorageScienceandTechnologyNov.2015特约评述铅碳电池储能技术陶占良,陈军(先进能源材料化学教育部重点实验室,天津化学化工协同创新中心,南开大学化学学院,天津300071)摘要:储能技术在太阳能、风能等可再生能源发电、智能电网/微网建设等方面有着广阔的应用前景。铅酸电池具有价格低、较高电压、性能稳定、宽工作温度范围等优势,占据着固定储能市场的主导地位。但在智能电网、混合动力车的实际应用中,电池必须在不同的充电状态下操作,特别是在高倍率部分荷电模式。在这种操作模式下,硫酸盐沉积物积聚
2、在电极表面,限制了铅酸电池的容量和循环寿命。铅碳电池是由铅酸电池和超级电容器组合形成的新型储能装置,它抑制了放电过程中负极板表面硫酸盐的不均匀分布和充电时较早的析氢现象,具有铅酸电池高能量和超级电容器高功率的优点,在部分荷电态大功率充放电状态具有较高的循环寿命,适合高倍率循环和瞬间脉冲放电等工作状态。本文介绍了铅碳电池的基本概念及原理,并对铅碳电池储能技术的发展历程和现状进行了总结。关键词:储能;铅酸电池;铅碳电池;负极材料doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4239.2015.06.002中图分类号:TK02;TM912.2文献标志码:A文章编号:2095-4239(2
3、015)06-546-10LeadcarbonultrabatteriesforenergystorageTAOZhanliang,CHENJun(KeyLaboratoryofAdvancedEnergyMaterialsChemistry,MinistryofEducation,CollaborativeInnovationCenterofChemicalScienceandEngineering,CollegeofChemistry,NankaiUniversity,Tianjin300071,China)Abstract:Energystoragetechnologiessh
4、owbroadapplicationprospectsinrenewableenergysystemssuchaswindandsolarenergy,andintheconstructionofsmartgrid/microgrids.Lead-acidbatterieshavedominatedthemarketinstationaryenergystorageduetotheiradvantagesoflowprice,high-unitvoltage,stableperformance,andawideoperatingtemperaturerange.However,lea
5、d-acidbatteriesunderhybridelectricveheciles(HEV)andrenewable-energyapplicationsmustbeoperatedatdifferentstate-of-chargewindows.Inparticular,underhigh-ratepartial-state-of-charge(HRPSoC)duty,lead-acidbatteriesfailprematurelyduetothesulfationofthenegativeplates.Leadcarbonultrabatteiesareanewhybri
6、denergystoragedevice,whichcombinesaleadacidbatteryandanasymmetricsupercapacitorinsingleunit,withtheadvantageofbothhighenergyofleadacidbatteryandhighpowerofsupercapacitor.Theunevendistributionofleadsulfateacrossthecross-sectionofnegativeplateduringdischargeandtheearlyevolutionofhydrogenduringcha
7、rgeshouldbesuppressed.Therefore,leadcarbonultrabatteieshavelongercyclinglifeinawiderstate-of-chargewindow,whichissuitableforhighratecyclingandpulseapplications.Theconceptandthebasicprinciplesofleadcarbonultrabatteriesanditsrecentd