资源描述:
《语法大全:直接引语变间接引语的用法.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、语法大全:直接引语变间接引语的用法如何变人称;顺口溜“一随主。二随宾,第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:Shesaid."Mybrotherwantstogowithme."→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称,如:HesaidtoKate."Howisyoursistern
2、ow?"→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:Mr.Smithsaid:"Jackisagoodworker。"→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。1.直接引语是陈述句,变成间接引语时,由连词that引导。例如: Shesaid,"Iamveryhappytohelpyou."→ Shesaidthatshewasveryhappytohelpyou. 2.直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句,变成间接引语
3、时,由连词whether或if引导。例如: Heaskedme,"Doyoulikeplayingfootball?"→ Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball. 注意:大多数情况下,if和whether可以互换,但后有ornot,或在动词不定式前,或放在介词后作连接词时,一般只用whether。例如: Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddoitornot. Hehesitatedaboutwhethertodriveortakethetrain. 3.直接引语是特殊疑问句,变成间接引语时,由相应的疑问词who,who
4、m,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。例如: Mysisteraskedme,"Howdoyoulikethefilm?"→ MysisteraskedmehowIlikedthefilm. 4.直接引语是祈使句,变成间接引语时,把动词原形变成动词不定式,并在动词不定前加tell,ask,order等的宾语。例如: Thecaptainordered,"Bequiet."→ Thecaptainorderedustobequiet. 注意:此种情况的否定句,在动词不定式前加not。 Myteacheraskedme,"Don'tlaugh."→ M
5、yteacheraskedmenottolaugh. 5.一些注意事项 (1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,变成间接引语时,时态不变。例如: Theytoldtheirson,"Theearthgoesroundthesun."→ Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun. (2)直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如:this/that→these/those,now→then,today→thatday,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastyear→theyearbefore
6、,ago→before,here→there,come→go等。例如: Hesaid,"Ihaven'tseenhertoday."→ Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday. 注意:如果转述时就在原来的地方,就在说话的当天,就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。 (3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如: HeaskedLucy,"Wheredidyougo?"→ HeaskedLucywhereshewent. Tomsaid,"Whatdoyouwant,Ann?"→TomaskedAnnwhatshewanted.
7、Ps:whatiswrong以及whatisthematter等句式,因what在句中做主语,因此当从句为宾语从句,其语序不变。Theysaidthattheywenttoseewhatwasthewrong.