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1、Unit09 WhoKilledBennyParet?BackgroundinformationBoxingintheUnitedStatesUntillateinthe19thcent.,Americanfightersestablishedtheirownrules,whichwerefew.Earlymatches,someofthemfree-for-alls,featuredbitingandgouging(欺诈)aswellaspunching.Inmostinstancestheywer
2、ealsoillegal.In1888,JohnL.Sullivan,abare-knucklechampionandAmerica’sfirstsportscelebrity,wonaclandestine(秘密的)75-roundmatch.BackgroundinformationNewYorklegalizedboxingin1896,andotherstatessoonfollowedsuit.Althoughthereign(1910–15)ofthefirstAfrican-Americ
3、anheavyweightchampion,JackJohnson,disturbedthesegregatedsocietyofthetime,andalthoughmanycontinuedtoquestionboxing’ssocialpurpose,itsinclusionintheOlympicgamesin1904,itsuseformilitarytraininginWorldWarI,itsemergenceasasourceofdisciplineforyouth,itsregula
4、tionbystatecommissions,anditssuggestionofnationalvitalityBackgroundinformationstrengtheneditsclaimstolegitimacy(合法性)andbolstered(支持)itspopularitythroughthe1920sand30s.Heavyweight(over190lb/86.3kg)championsJackDempsey(1919–26)andJoeLouis(1937–49)werenati
5、onalheroes,Louisbecomingoneofthefirstblackathletestogainwidepopularity.BackgroundinformationSinceWorldWarII,boxinghasproceededamidcorruptionand,attimes,chaos.Risingadmissionprices,restrictionoftitlefightstoclosed-circuittelevision,theproliferationoforga
6、nizationsclaimingtosanctionfightsandproclaimchampions,financialscandals,ringinjuriesanddeaths,monopolisticpracticesbypromoters,andclaimsofexploitationoflower-classfightershavethreateneditsappeal,yetthesportcontinuestoattracthugeaudiencesandinvestment.Gr
7、eatfighterslikeMuhammadAlielicitadmirationandfascination,whilecontroversysurroundsothersliketherepeatedlyimprisonedMikeTyson.LennoxLewisisgenerallyregardedasthecurrentworldheavyweightchampion.BackgroundinformationAmateurBoxingAmateurboxing,whilenotfreef
8、romdebate,hasinrecentdecadestakenstepstoensuresafetyandobjectivejudging.TheGoldenGlovesnationaltournamenthaslongbeenasteppingstoneforyoungfighters,buttheOlympicsarethemostvisibleforumforamateurs.Olympicboxersweareight-ouncegloves
