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1、由关系代词引导的定语从句1.1. 关系代词:who,whom,which,that,whose,as2.2. 用法1)1) who指人,是主格,在句中作主语或宾语Themanwho/thattoldyouthenewsyesterdayisafriendofmine.2)2) whom指人,是宾格,在居中作宾语,或跟在介词后面作介词宾语Heistheyoungman(who/whom/that)sheloves.HeisthemanfromwhomIlearnedthenews.(这里不能用who代替)=Heistheman(who/whom)I
2、learnedthenewsfrom.3)3) that指物,有时也指人,在句中作主语或宾语Doyouknowthemanthat/whotalkedwithyoujustnow?Thepainting(that/which)theyaretalkingaboutwasdrawnbyanartist.4)4) which指物,在句中作主语或宾语Theriverwhich/thatrunsthroughthecityisquitewide.Thisisthenewumbrella(which/that)Iboughtlastweek.5)5) whose既
3、可修饰人也可修饰物,是所有格,在从句中作定语Ihaveagoodfriendwhosefatherisapoliceman.=Ihaveagoodfriend,thefatherofwhomisapoliceman.=Ihaveagoodfriend,ofwhomthefatherisapoliceman.Iwantthedictionarywhosecoverhascomeoff.=Iwantthedictionary,thecoverofwhichhascomeoff.=Iwantthedictionary,ofwhichthecoverhascomeoff.注:如果who
4、m,which,that在定语从句中作宾语,关系代词可以省略6)6) as指人也指物,在”thesame…as”,“such…as”,“as…as”的结构中使用,在从句中作主语,宾语或表语.Heisnotthesamepersonashewasthreeyearago.Heusedsuchexpressionsaswerementionedinthedictionary.TomisascleveraboyasMikeis.as作关系代词还可以引导非限制性定语从句,可以放在主句前.Asweallknow,heisafamousinventor.Asisknowntoall
5、,heisafamousinventor.(as的现行词不是一个名词,而是heisafamousinventor整个句子)关系代词that和which的区别在下列情况下,通常用that指物,而不用which1)1) 先行词是something,anything,everything,nothing,little,all等不定代词时,只能用thatIsthereanything(that)Icandoforyou?Thereislittle(that)Icandoforyou.All(that)youhavetodoistopressthebutton.2)2)
6、当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时Thisisthetallestbuilding(that)Ihaveeverseen.3)3) 当先行词被序数词修饰时ThefirstEnglishnovel(that)IhavereadisTaleofTwoCities.4)4) 当先行词由only,no,very修饰时Thisistheverydictionary(that)Iwanttobuy.Thereisnodifficulty(that)wecan’tovercome.5)5) 当先行词指人又指物时Theytalkedforabouthalfanhouroft
7、hingsandpersons(that)theyrememberedintheschool.6)6) 在特殊疑问句中,如果疑问词是which,为了避免重复,常用that作关系代词Whichisthepicture(that)youlikebest? 关系代词who与that的区别在特殊疑问句里,如果疑问词是who,为了避免重复,常用that作关系代词Whoofusthatknowssomethingaboutmusicdoesnotknowthis?Whothathasseen
