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1、可数名词与不可数名词1.1从词的形式来看,英语名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。可数与不可数是英语名词的最基本类别。一般说来,个体名词是可数名词;物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词是不可数名词;集体名词则有的可数,有的不可数。1.1.1可数名词与不可数名词(Countablenounsanduncountablenouns)a.可数名词有单、复数形式,单数形式可用a/an;不可数名词没有复数形式,单数形式前不用a/an,但可用the或不用。例如:Tomisalittleboy.Thereare20boysinourclass
2、.Fishandpoultryareusuallynotcalledmeat.I'llpayforthemeat.b.名词的数影响句子中与之有关的谓语动词、限定词等。例如:Therearemany/some/alotof/(a)fewpeopleinthepark.Therearenotmany/anypeopleinthepark.Thereismuch/some/alotof/(a)little/agreatdealof/afairamountofwater.Thereisnotmuch/anywater.c.
3、下列名词常用作不可数名词:accommodation,advice,baggage,behavior,bread,cash,cloth,clothing,coal,equipment,fun,furniture,grass,harm,information,ink,knowledge,labour,laughter,leisure,luck,lightning,living,luggage,machinery,meat,money,news,paper,permission,popularity,progress,
4、rice,scenery,soap,sugar,tea,traffic,travel,trouble,thunder,weather,work等。1.1.2可数名词与不可数名词之间的相互转化(Conversionofuncountableintocountableandcountableintouncountable)可数名词与不可数名词在一定条件下可以相互转化。a.物质名词一般是不可数的,但用来表示具体、个别事物,或表示各种不同品种时,通常是可数的,如differentcoffees,varioussoaps。再
5、看以下例子:Doyoucarefortea?Long-jingisawell-knowntea.Wewerenotallowedtobuywineatlunchtime.Ilikewines.b.抽象名词一般是不可数的,但当它前后有修饰语表示"某一种"或"某一方面"的抽象概念时,其前可加a/an。例如:Agoodmapwouldbeahelp.Itwasarelieftositdown.Hehadagoodknowledgeofmathematics.c.某些物质名词或抽象名词用作复数时,词义往往起变化。例如:Li
6、ght(光)travelsfasterthansound.Thelights(灯)areon.Heisateacheroffiveyears'experience(经验).5Heisrelatingtoushisexperiences(经历)asanexplorer.d.有些集体名词,如audience,committee,class,couple,crew,family,team,government,jury,party,public等,既可作单数,又可作复数。把集体视为一个整体时,用作单数;指该集体的各个成员
7、时,用作复数。例如:Theaudienceisenormous.Theaudienceareenjoyingeveryminuteoftheplay.Hisfamilyissmall.Myfamilyarealldoctors.1.2复数(Plural)1.2.1英语名词的复数构成(FormationofthepluralofEnglishnouns)a.英语可数名词的规则复数形式,是在词尾加-s。例如:desks,maps,lakes,workers,fields,days,miles,pages,horsesb
8、.如词尾为s,ch,sh,ss或x,在词尾加-es。例如:church→churches,bush→bushes,class→classes,box→boxesc.如词尾为-f或-fe,一般变为-ves;有的加-s即可;而有的则既可变为-ves,又可只加-s。例如:calf→calves,half→halves,knife→knives,leaf→leave