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1、1990年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Questions21to24arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofproductivemachinery.Itreducesthehumanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction
2、,andisdesignedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe“SecondIndustrialRevolution”.Labour’sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabouttheeffectsonemployment,andfearsofmajorchan
3、gesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,maintaining,andrepairingautomationequipmen
4、t.Theinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthetransitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.Also,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomationshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherw
5、ages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards.Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasizedthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanh
6、asadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignment.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringthatpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumof
7、moneybasedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe“improvementfactor”,whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlabourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkingtime.21.Thoughlabourworriesabouttheeffectofautomation,itd
8、oesnotdoubtthat________.A)automationwilleventuallypreventunemploymentB)automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewskillsC)automationwilleventuallybenefittheworkersnolessthattheemployersD)automationisatrendwhichcannot
