超临界水的文献摘要

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1、OrganicChemicalReactionsinSupercriticalWater背景：作者PhillipE.SavageChem.Rev.1999(化学综述)I.IntroductionII.ChemicalSynthesisA.Hydrogenation/Dehydrogenation604B.C−CBondFormation605C.Rearrangements605D.Hydration/Dehydration605E.Elimination606F.Hydrolysis606G.PartialOxidation606H.

2、H−DExchange607III.ChemicalConversion607A.Decomposition6071.ComplexMaterials6082.IndividualOrganicCompounds609B.Oxidation6121.TechnologyDevelopments6132.HomogeneousReactions6133.HeterogeneousReactions618IV.Summary618V.Acknowledgments619VI.ReferencesIntroduction1.Thedielec

3、tricconstantismuchlower,andthenumberandpersistenceofhydrogenbondsarebothdiminished.Asaresult,high-temperaturewaterbehaveslikemanyorganicsolventsinthatorganiccompoundsenjoyhighsolubilitiesinnear-criticalwaterandcompletemiscibilitywithSCW.Moreover,gasesarealsomiscibleinSCW

4、soemployingaSCWreactionenvironmentprovidesanopportunitytoconductchemistryinasinglefluidphasethatwouldotherwiseoccurinamultiphasesystemundermoreconventionalconditions.Theadvantagesofasinglesupercriticalphasereactionmediumarethathigherconcentrationsofreactantscanoftenbeatt

5、ainedandthattherearenointerphasemasstransportprocessestohinderreactionrates.2.Theionproduct,ordissociationconstant(Kw)forwaterasitapproachesthecriticalpoint,isabout3ordersofmagnitudehigherthanitisforambientliquidwater.Assuch,densehigh-temperaturewaterisaneffectivemediumf

6、oracid-andbase-catalyzedreactionsoforganiccompounds.3.Asoneexceedsthecriticalpoint,however,Kwdecreasesdramatically.SCWinthishigh-temperature,low-densityregionisapoormediumforionicchemistry.4.Thisreviewisorganizedaroundtwomajorthemes:chemicalsynthesisandchemicalconversion

7、Thechemicalsynthesisarticlestendtobeproduct-oriented,whereasthechemicalconversionarticlesaremorereactant-oriented.Summary1.Thereviewdealtwiththethreebroadareasofresearchinthisfield,namelychemicalsynthesis,decompositionoforganicmaterialsandcompounds,andcompleteoxidation.2

8、.thereisabroadrangeofchemicaltransformationsthatcanbeeffectedinthenonconventionalreactionmediumofsuperc