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1、构造地质学专业词汇Chapter1BasicConceptgeometry几何学incline倾斜,斜坡,斜面undeformed无形变的portray描绘reconstruct重建,改造,推想interpretation解释,阐明,口译,通译stratigraphic地层学的bed岩层stratum(pl.strata)岩层bedded成层的bedding层理beddingplanes层面formation组deposit存放,堆积,沉淀isopachytes等厚线surface表面,外表,水面diastem沉积暂停期sedimentation沉淀,
2、沉降non-sequence间断不连续faunaltilt.(使)倾斜,(使)翘起discordance不调和,不和volcanogenic火山(生成)的synonymous同义的cessation停止,终止paraconformity似整合,沉积间断outcrop露出地面的岩层disconformity假整合,平行不整合crossbedding交错层理gradedbedding粒级层理unconformity角度不整合overstep踏过,逾越,超出...的限度basal基础的,基本的,基部的truncate截去尖端,修剪overstep超覆nonc
3、onformity非整合onlap上超、超覆transgression海侵、海进offlap退覆regression海退toplap顶超downlap下超strike走向dip倾角truedip真倾角foliation面理compassbearing罗盘方位azimuth方位,方位角apparentdip视倾角given特定的,假设的stereogram极射(赤面投影)图plunge倾伏角orthogonal直角的,直交的pitch侧倾角clinometer测斜仪structurecontour构造等高线formlines形态线formlinecont
4、our形态等高线isopachyte等厚线borehole钻孔,地上凿洞featheredge尖灭subcrop隐伏露头intersection交叉点outliers外露层topographic地形上的inliers内露层downplungeprojection俯瞰倾伏投影diagrammatic图表的,概略的palinspastic复原再造balancedsection平衡剖面Chapter2FaultsandFracturefracture破裂fault断层joint节理hangingwall上盘cohesion结合,凝聚footwall下盘dil
5、ationalcalcite方解石aqueous水的,水成的hade断层倾斜余角nomenclature命名法,术语strike-slipfault走滑断层dip-slipfault倾滑断层wrenchfault平推断层tearfault平推断层transcurrentfault横推断层heave平错throw落差normalfault正断层reverse逆断层dyke沟,渠,堤坝thrust冲断层layfault滞后断层sinistral左旋dextral右旋left-lateral左行ritht-lateral右行faultbrecci断层角砾br
6、ittle易碎的,脆弱的ductile易延展的,易教导的,柔软的faultgouge断层泥flinty坚硬的,强硬的plateystreaky有斑点的,有条纹的,容易变的striate有条纹的,有细槽的crushbreccia压碎角砾岩cataclasite碎裂岩cataclasis碎裂作用mylonite糜棱岩blastomylonite变余糜棱岩ultramylonite超糜棱岩pseudotachylite假玄武玻璃slickensides擦痕面slickensidestriation擦痕groove擦槽,凹槽flexure屈曲,弯曲部分,打褶s
7、lickenline擦线slickenfibre擦痕纤维normaldrag正牵引nappereversedrag逆牵引syntheticfaults次级同向断层,同级断层antitheticfaults次级反向断层,相反断层graben地堑horst地垒splayfault入字形、八字形、人字形断层系transferfault转换断层transformfault转换断层staircasefault阶状断层ramp断坡flat断坪detachment拆离imbricate边缘重叠成瓦状decollement滑脱convergent会聚性的,收敛的pig
8、gybacksequence背驮式逆冲顺序overstepsequence超覆式逆冲顺序imb