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1、MEDIEVALRESEAKCHESifromEasternBsiattcSources*FRAGMENTSTOWARDSTHEKNOWLEDGEOFTHEGEOGRAPHYANDHISTORYOFCENTRALANDWESTERNASIAFROMTHE13thTOTHE17thCENTURY.BYE.BRETSCHNEIDER,M.D.LATEPHYSICIANTOTHERUSSIANLEGATIONATPEKINGJMEMBRECOTRBESP.DEL'lNSTITUTDEFRANCE(AC
2、ADEMIEDESINSCRIPTIONSETBELLESlettres).VOL.I.WITHAMAPOFMIDDLEASIA.LONDONKEGANPAUL,TRENCH,TRUBNER"CO.L"BROADWAYHOUSE:68-74CARTERLANE,E.C.APR-61948MadeandPrintedmUrealBritainbyPERCYLUND,HUMPHRIEStfCO.LTD.12BedfordSquare,London,H.CiandatBradfordPREFACE,S
3、inceColonelH.YulebegantopublishhisextensiveresearchesmediaevaltravellerstoEasternonEuropeanAsia,alivelyinteresthasbeenawakened,notonlyamongprofessionalgeographersandOrientalists,butalsoamonggeneralreaders,intheaccountsleftbythoseadventurousmenwhointh
4、eMiddleAges,intheperiodoftheMongoldomination,crossedtheinhospitablewildernessesofCen-tralandEasternAsia.Towardsthemiddleofthefour-teenthcentury,intheperiodofthedeclineandthefalloftheMongoldynasty,theseregionsbecameagainimper-vious,andthenforcenturies
5、remainedinaccessiblemanytoEuropeanexploration.ColonelYule'sfirstworkthesubject,"CathayandontheWayThither,"waspublishedin1866,justwhentheKussiananddiscoveriesinCentralAsiaconquestscom-mencedtothrownewgeographicallightuponthesetracts.Fivelater,in1871,a
6、ppearedhis"BookofMarcoyearsPolo,"anadmirablemonumentoferudition,whichdidnotfailtoassuretothelearnedcommentatorofthecelebratedmediaevaltravellertheofunrivalledsuccesscompetencyinthisfieldofinvestigation.Aneweditionofthework,muchenlargedandrevised,wasi
7、ssuedin1875.viPREFACE.AsIwaslivinginChinawhenthesesoablyelucidatededitionsofmediaevaltravellerswerepublished,andtaking,ofcourse,thehighestinterestinthechaptersrelatingtotheFarEast,itwassoonevidenttomethatthemostimportantsourcesofinformationderivedfro
8、mChineseliteraturebearinguponthesubjecthadneverbeenmadeuseofbythecommentatorsofMarcoPoloandofothermediaevaltravellers.ColonelYule,nothavingaccesstotheChineseauthorsintheiruriginallanguage,hadbeenconfinedinhisquotationsfromChineseworkstotrans-lations,
