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1、[摘要]目的为膝关节疾患的影像学诊断提供矢状断层解剖学基础。方法用成年男尸右膝部标本5例(新鲜3,福尔马林固定2),按解剖骨性标志画线,其中1例标本先行矢状位MRI扫描,所有标本冻硬后,切制矢状断层解剖标本,每例切5个断层,皆观察其内侧面。结果观察了构成膝关节的主要结构,交叉韧带、半月板及其周围软组织的形态特征、位置、毗邻及其在连续断层的变化规律,并匹配同一断层之MRI。测量股骨内、外侧髁关节软骨厚为2.3mm和2.4mm,胫骨内、外侧髁关节软骨厚为2.5mm和2.6mm,髌骨关节软骨厚为5.3mm,前
2、交叉韧带长36.1mm,前、后交叉韧带中部矢状径为6.32mm和6.51mm,内、外侧半月板矢状径为42.4mm和33.2mm,内侧半月板前、后部厚度为5.1mm和5.8mm,外侧半月板为6.5mm和7.1mm。结论膝关节的矢状断层解剖各结构形态、位置及变化规律,对骨科及影像学诊断和治疗有重要的价值。 [关键词]膝关节;断层解剖;磁共振扫描成像 Sagittalsectionalandimaginganatomyofthehumankneejoint GUOShi-ping,MAZhao-long
3、,ZHANGXiao-wei,YANGGuang-fu,LIUGuo-qiang,ZHANGFeng-chang (DepartmentofAnatomy,MedicalCollege,Xi'anJiaotongUniversity,Xi'an710061,China) Abstract:ObjectiveToprovidesagittalsectionalanatomicalbasisforimagingdiagnosisofhumankneejointdisorders.MethodsAtota
4、lof5specimensoftherightkneesofmaleadultcadavers(3fresh,2fixedbyformalin)wereused.After1casewasscannedbyMRI,allspecimenswerefrozen,andtheneachonewascutinto5sagittalsections.Themorphologicalcharacteristics,therelationshipandthelawofvariationofthearticulars
5、urface,articularcartilage,capsulecavity,ligamentofcruciateandmeniscuswereobserved.ResultsThethicknessofthearticularcartilageofthemedialandthelateralcondyleoffemurwas2.3mmand2.4mm,andthatofthetibiawas2.5mmand2.6mm.Thethicknessofthearticularcartilageofpate
6、llawas5.3mm.Thelengthandwidthoftheanteriorcruciateligamentwere36.1mmand6.32mm,respectively,andthewidthoftheposteriorcruciateligament6.51mm.Thesagittallengthofthemedialandthelateralmeniscuswas42.4mmand33.2mm.Thethicknessoftheanteriorandposteriorpartsofthe
7、medialmeniscuswas5.1mmand5.8mm,andthatofthelateralmeniscus6.5mmand7.1mm.ConclusionThefindingsofthesagittalsectionalanatomyofthekneejoint,includingthestructures,themorphologicalchanges,andthemeasurementdata,havelaidtheanatomicalfoundationformedicalimaging
8、diagnosisandarthroscopy. Keywords:kneejoint;sectionalanatomy;MRI 膝关节是人体最复杂的关节,因受力重,故创伤及劳损多见,居所有关节之首[1]。MRI及膝关节镜已广泛用于膝关节伤病的诊断与治疗,但有关膝关节的断层影像解剖学,近期文献仅见到其横及冠状断层解剖[2-4],本文报道其矢状断层解剖,并匹配同一断层MRI作对照,旨在积累国人断层解剖学资料,以期为膝关节病变的MRI诊断及