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1、我国国有林场体制改革问题探索李红勋1,田明华1,王自力1,2(1.北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京100083;2.北京林大林业科技股份有限公司,北京100083)摘要:我国正在进行事业单位分类改革,国有林场面临重新界定的问题。国有林场对于我国生态、经济和社会实现协调、永续发展,构建和谐社会具有重要影响,但目前面临危困局面。该文阐述了我国国有林场体制改革的争论,对有林场体制的历史演变和现行管理体制进行了分析,认为国有林场事业化管理体制和经营机制是制约国有林场可持续发展的重要原因。针对目前国有林场事业化的观点和趋向,该文提出生态建设不是国有林场事业化的理
2、由,多元化发展混业经营使国有林场难以事业化,国有林场事业化面临诸多体制难题,进而提出企业化才是国有林场改革与发展的方向。关键词:国有林场,管理体制,事业化,企业化,生态公益林StudyontheSystemReformofState-ownedForestFarmsinChinaLIHong-xun1,TIANMing-hua1,WANGZi-li1,2(1.SchoolofEconomicsandManagement,BeijingForestryUniversity,Beijing,100083;2.BeijingForestryUniversi
3、tyForestScienceCo.,Ltd.,Beijing,100083)Abstract:ThepublicinstitutionsofChinaarereformedaccordingtodifferentcharacters,sothestate-ownedforestfarmsneedtoberecognizedagain.Thestate-ownedforestfarmsplayakeyroleinunisonousandsustainabledevelopmentoftheenvironment,economyandsocietyin
4、China,butfaceadangerousanddifficultsituationinrecentyears.Basedonthedisputeaboutthereformofthestate-ownedforestfarms,thispaperanalyzesthechangesofthestate-ownedforestfarmsandactualadministeringmechanismofthem,thinksthattheadministeringmechanismandthemanagementsystemturningtopub
5、licinstitutionsisanimportantfactorthatrestrictsthesustainabledevelopmentofstate-ownedforestfarms.Aimattheviewpointandtrendthatstate-ownedforestfarmsturningintopublicinstitutions,thispaperbringsforwardthatecologicalconstructionisnotareasonofstate-ownedforestfarmsturningintopubli
6、cinstitutions,themixedmanagementmakesitdifficulttoturnstate-ownedforestfarmsintopublicinstitutions,andturningstate-ownedforestfarmsintopublicinstitutionsfacessomepuzzleinsystem.Soturningstate-ownedforestfarmsintoenterpriseshouldbethereformwayofstate-ownedforestfarms.KeyWords:st
7、ate-ownedforestfarm;administeringmechanism;turntopublicinstitutions;turntoenterprise;ecologicalforest从新中国成立初期开始,我国为加快森林资源培育,保护和改善生态状况,在重点生态脆弱地区和大面积集中连片的国有荒山荒地上,采取国家投资的方式,陆续建立起来的专门从事营造林和森林管护的林业基层单位。截至2006年底,全国国有林场已发展到4466处,分布在31个省(自治区、直辖市)的1600多个县(市、旗、区),职工总人数65万人,经营总面积5666.67万h
8、m2,其中林业用地面积、森林面积、森林蓄积量、木材产量均占全国的1/6~1/5[2],各级野生动植物保护及自