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1、(翻译两篇外文资料。要求翻译与毕业论文相关的外文文献要求达到10000个字符左右(或翻译成中文后至少在2000汉字以上);将译文附在原文之后,翻译的外文资料必须是近年公开发表的且与毕业论文研究内容相符)1.Framing,AgendaSetting,andPriming:TheEvolutionofThreeMediaEffectsModelsDietramA.Scheufele&DavidTewksburyThisspecialissueofJournalofCommunicationisdevotedtotheoreticalexplanation
2、sofnewsframing,agendasetting,andprimingeffects.Itexaminesifandhowthethreemodelsarerelatedandwhatpotentialrelationshipsbetweenthemtelltheoristsandresearchersabouttheeffectsofmassmedia.Asanintroductiontothiseffort,thisessayprovidesaverybriefreviewofthethreeeffectsandtheirrootsinme
3、dia-effectsresearch.Basedonthisoverview,wehighlightafewkeydimensionsalongwhichonecancompare,framing,agendasetting,andpriming.Weconcludewithadescriptionofthecontextswithinwhichthethreemodelsoperate,andthebroaderimplicationsthattheseconceptualdistinctionshaveforthegrowthofourdisci
4、pline.Parsimonyversusprecision:framing,agendasetting,andprimingThethreemodelswefocusoninthisissue—framing,agendasetting,andpriming—havereceivedsignificantscholarlyattentionsincetheywereintroduced.Agendasettingreferstotheideathatthereisastrongcorrelationbetweentheemphasisthatmass
5、mediaplaceoncertainissues(e.g.,basedonrelativeplacementoramountofcoverage)andtheimportanceattributedtotheseissuesbymassaudiences(McCombs&Shaw,1972).Asdefinedinthepoliticalcommunicationliterature,Primingrefersto‘changesinthestandardsthatpeopleusetomakepoliticalevaluations’(Iyenga
6、r&Kinder,1987,p.63).Primingoccurswhennewscontentsuggeststonewsaudiencesthattheyoughttousespecificissuesasbenchmarksforevaluatingtheperformanceofleadersandgovernments.Itisoftenunderstoodasanextensionofagendasetting.Therearetworeasonsforthis:(a)Botheffectsarebasedonmemory-basedmod
7、elsofinformationprocessing.Thesemodelsassumethatpeopleformattitudesbasedontheconsiderationsthataremostsalient(i.e.,mostaccessible)whentheymakedecisions(Hastie&Park,1986).Inotherwords,judgmentsandattitudeformationaredirectlycorrelatedwith“theeaseinwhichinstancesorassociationscoul
8、dbebroughttomind”(Tversky&Kahneman,1973,p.208);