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1、三级语法考点总结三级考试语法考点一、时态和语态1.时态:共有16种时态,其中的特殊用法:(1)用一般现在时表示将来的动作:在由连词evenif,unless,assoonas,if,when,incase,before,after,until,once,themoment,aslongas等引出的状语从句中,谓语动词一般不用will或shall来表示将来的动作,仅用一般现在时。e.g.Shewillcometoseeyouthemomentshe____herwork.(finish)注:某些表示起始的动词,可用一般现在时表示按预定计划或时刻表在短时期内将发生
2、的动作。这类动词有:be,go,come,leave,start,depart,arrive,return等。e.g.Thetrain____atfivesharp.(leave)(2)现在完成时:连用的特殊状语和固定句型:★状语词组:thisweek(morning,month,year),sofar,uptonow,manytimes,uptothepresent,allthisyear,allone’slife等。★副词:just,already,yet,ever,now,before,often,lately,recently等。★固定句型:①This
3、/That/It+isthefirst(orsecond,etc.)time+that/when...+现在完成时;②Thisisthe+最高级+名词+that+...+现在完成时;③Thisistheonly+名词+that+...现在完成时。注:在这三种结构中若主句谓语是过去式,从句就用过去完成时。e.g.ItwasthesecondtimeI____thefilm.(see)(3)过去完成时:所连用的状语和固定句型有:★用在过去范围内的短语或句子:by(thetime/theendof)+表示过去时间的短语或句子;before,since,until,w
4、hen(+句子)等加上表示过去时间的短语或句子。e.g.By1995she_____afamouswriter.(become)BythetimeIlefttheschool,I______Englishfor5years.(teach)★固定句型:hardly(scarcely)+过去完成时+when+过去式;nosooner+过去完成时+than+过去式。(4)将来完成时:所连用的状语:by(thetime/theendof)+表示将来时间的短语或句子;beforetheendof+表示将来时间的短语或句子;when,after等加上表示将来动作的句子。e
5、.g.PerhapsI_____readingthebookbythistimetomorrow.(finish)(5)英语中将来时间的表示除will/shall+v.形式外,还有:☆begoingto+v.表示不太明确的意图、打算。☆beto+v.表示正式的安排、指示、命令、禁止等。e.g.YouaretodoyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV.☆beaboutto+v.表示不久的将来要发生的事情。e.g.Ifeelthatsomethingterribleisabouttohappen.被动语态基本构成:bedone注:有的动词用主动
6、语态表示被动意义:act,clean,cook,draw,iron,keep,read,sell,wash,wear等。e.g.Hisnovelsellswell.Insummermeatwon’tkeeplong.二、情态动词(can,could,may,might,must,ought,need,dare,dared,usedto)should/oughttohavedonemight/couldhavedonemusthavedonecan’thavedoneneedn’thavedone1.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it____
7、__cleaned.(be)2.Withallthisworkonhand,he______tothecinemalastnight.(go)3.You_______allthosecalculations!Wehaveacomputertodothatsortofthing.(do)三、动词不定式(todo)1.在句中可做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语。Itisimportantforustohaveagoodcommandoflanguage.Ifoundoutwheretobuyclothescheaply.Heencouragedustotryag
8、ain.Wefounditimposs