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1、美国劳动之歌MostoftheworldobservesLaborDayonMay1.ButtheUnitedStateshasitsworkersholidayonthefirstMondayinSeptember.SteveEmberandBarbaraKleinhaveafewsongsfromthehistoryoftheAmericanlabormovement.Laborsongsaretraditionallystoriesofstruggleandpride,oftimelessdemandsforrespectandt
2、hehopeforabetterlife.Sometimestheyrepresentoldsongswithnewwords.Oneexampleis"WeShallNotBeMoved."Itusesthemusicandmanyofthesamewordsofanoldreligioussong.HereisfolksingerPeteSeegerwith"WeShallNotBeMoved."ManyclassicAmericanlaborsongscamefromworkersinthecoalminesoftheSouth.
3、Mineownersbitterlyopposedunions.Insomecases,therewasopenwarbetweenlaboractivistsandcoalmineoperators.Once,inHarlanCounty,Kentucky,companypolicesearchedforunionleaders.Theywenttooneman'shomebutcouldnotfindhimthere.Sotheywaitedoutsideforseveraldays.Thecoalminer'swife,Flore
4、nceReece,remainedinsidewithherchildren.Shewrotethissong,"WhichSideAreYouOn?"Again,hereisPeteSeeger.ProbablythemostfamouslaborsongwriterinAmericawasJoeHill.HewasborninSwedenandcametotheUnitedStatesintheearly1900s.Heworkedasanunskilledlaborer.JoeHilljoinedtheIndustrialWork
5、ersoftheWorld,knownastheWobblies.Morethananyotherunion,theyusedmusicintheircampaigns,urgingmembersto"singandfight."OneofJoeHill'sbest-knownsongsis"CaseyJones."Itusesthemusicfromasongaboutatrainengineer.Intheoldsong,CaseyJonesisahero.Hebravelykeepshistrainrunninginverydif
6、ficultconditions.InJoeHill'sversion,CaseyJonesisnohero.Histrainisunsafe.Yethestaysonthejobafterotherworkershavecalledastrikeagainsttherailroadcompany.PeteSeegerandtheSongSwapperssing"CaseyJones(TheUnionScab)."AnotherAmericanlaborsongiscalled"BreadandRoses."Thattermwascon
7、nectedwiththewomen'slabormovement.Thesongwasbasedonapoemcalled"BreadandRoses"byJamesOppenheim.ThepoemwaspublishedinTheAmericanMagazineinDecemberof1911.ThefollowingmonththerewasafamousstrikebytextileworkersinLawrence,Massachusetts.Theywonhigherpayandbetterworkingcondition
8、s.Oppenheim'spoemgainedmoreattention.Atthattime,conditionsinfactorieswerealreadyanationalissue.In1911,a
