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1、连贯性(coherence) 连贯性包括意连和形连两个方面,前者指的是内在的逻辑性,后者指的是使用转换词语。当然这两者常常是不可分割的。只有形连而没有意连,句子之间就没有内在的有机的联系;反之,只有意连而没有形连,有时行文就不够流畅。 1)、意连 段落中句子的排列应遵循一定的次序,不能想到什么就写什么。如果在下笔之前没有构思,边写边想,写写停停,那就写不出一气呵成的好文章来。下面介绍几种常见的排列方式。 A.按时间先后排列(chronologicalarrangement) Wehadanumberofclosecallsthatday.Whenwerose,
2、itwasobviouslylateandwehadtohurrysoasnottomissbreakfast;weknewthediningroomstaffwasstrictaboutclosingatnineo'clock.Then,whenwehadbeendrivinginthedesertfornearlytwohours——itmusthavebeenclosetonoon——theheatnearlyhidusin;theradiatorboiledoverandwehadtousemostofourdrinkingwatertocoolitdown.B
3、ythetimewereachedthemountain,itwasouro'clockandwewereexhausted.Here,judgementranoutofusandwestartedthetoughclimbtothesummit,notrealizingthatdarknesscamesuddenlyinthedesert.Sureenough,bysixwewerestrugglingandAndrewverynearlywentdownasteepcliff,draggingMohammedandmealongwithhim.Bynine,when
4、thewindhowledacrosstheflatledgeofthesummit,weknewasweshiveredtogetherforwarmththatithadnotbeenourluckyday. 本段从“rose”(起床)写起,然后是吃早餐(“nottomissbreakfast”,“closingatnineo'clock”),然后是“closetonoon”,一直写到这一天结束(“Bynine——”)。 B.按位置远近排列(spatialarrangement)。例如: Fromadistance,itlookedlikeaskinnytub
5、e,butaswegotcloser,wecouldseeitfleshoutbeforeoureyes.Itwastubular,allright,butfatterthanwecouldseefromfaraway.Furthermore,wewerealsoastonishedtonoticethatthebuildingwasreallyintwoparts:apagodasittingontopofatubularone-storystructure.Standingtenfeetaway,wecouldmarvelathowmuchofthepagodawa
6、smadeupofglasswindows.AlmosteverythingunderthewonderfulChineseroofwasmadeofglass,unlikethetubethatitwassittingon,whichonlyhadfour.Inside,thetubewasgloomy,becauseofthelackoflight.Thenasteep,narrowstaircasetookusupinsidethepagodaandthelightchangeddramatically.Allthosewindowsletinafloodofsu
7、nshineandwecouldseeoutformilesacrosstheflatland. 本段的写法是由远及近,从远处(“fromadistance”)写起,然后“getcloser”,再到(“tenfeetaway”),最后是“insidethepagoda”……当然,按位置远近来写不等于都是由远及近。根据需要,也可以由近及远,由表及里等等。 C.按逻辑关系排列(logicalarrangement) a.按重要性顺序排列(arrangementinorderofimportance) Ifyouworkasasodaj