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ID:11356184
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页数:4页
时间:2018-07-11
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1、Lecture1IntroductiontoLanguageKuaizhenhua(4Sept.,2012)1TeachingPoints1)Whatislinguistics?2)Whatislanguage?3)Thefunctionsoflanguage4)Thedefiningfeaturesoflanguage5)Theoriginoflanguage6)Theacquisitionoflanguage7)Themainbranchesoflinguistics8)Importantdistinctionsinlinguistics2WhatisLinguistics?Def
2、inition:Thescientificstudyofhumanlanguage1)Linguisticsstudiesnotanyparticularlanguage,butitstudieslanguagesingeneral.2)Whatthelinguisthastodofirstistocollectandobservelanguagefacts,then3)Thelinguistformulatessomehypothesesaboutthelanguagestructurethem.4)Therelationbetweendataandtheory:bothstandi
3、ndialecticalcomplementation.5)TheAimistodiscoverthenatureandrulesoftheunderlyinglanguagesystem.3WhatisLanguage?1)FerdinanddeSaussure(1857-1913):CourseinGeneralLinguistics(1916)Language“isnottobeconfusedwithhumanspeech,ofwhichitisonlyadefinitepart,thoughcertainlyanessentialone.Itisbothasocialprod
4、uctofthefacultyofspeechandacollectionofnecessaryconventionsthathavebeenadoptedbyasocialbodytopermitindividualstoexercisethatfaculty”.2)EdwardSapir(1884-1939):Language:AnIntroductiontotheStudyofSpeech(1921)“Languageisapurelyhumanandnon-instinctivemethodofcommunicatingideas,emotionsanddesiresbymea
5、nsofvoluntarilyproducedsymbols.”3)BernardBloch(1907-1965)&GeorgeTrager(1906-1992):OutlineofLinguisticAnalysis(1942)“Alanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsbymeansofwhichasocialgroupco-operates.”4)GeorgeTrager:TheFieldofLinguistics(1949)“Alanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsbymeansofwhichth
6、emembersofasocietyinteractintermsoftheirtotalculture.”5)NoamChomsky(1928-):SyntacticStructures(1957)“FromnowonIwillconsiderlanguagetobeaset(finiteorinfinite)ofsentences,eachfiniteinlengthandconstructedoutofafinitesetofelements.”6)胡壮麟语言学教程(2006)“Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.”Itisinstrume
7、ntalinthatcommunicatingbyspeakingorwritingisapurposefulact.Itissocialandconventionalinthatlanguageisasocialsemioticandcommunicationcanonlytakeplaceeffectivelyifalltheusersshareabroadunderstandingofhumaninteractionincludingsu
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