高等土力学考试题复习思考题与参考答案汇总

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1、硕士研究生《高等土力学》复习思考题一(a)、将下面描述“土力学和岩土工程”的英文译成中文SoilMechanicsThisclasspresentstheapplicationofprinciplesofsoilmechanics.Itconsidersthefollowingtopics:theoriginandnatureofsoils;soilclassification;theeffectivestressprinciple;hydraulicconductivityandseepage;stress-strain-strengthbehaviorofcoh

2、esionlessandcohesivesoilsandapplicationtolateralearthstresses;bearingcapacityandslopestability;consolidationtheoryandsettlementanalyses;andlaboratoryandfieldmethodsforevaluationofsoilpropertiesindesignpractice.Soilamongstmostvariable anddifficultofallmaterialstounderstand andmodel1.Com

3、plexstress-strain(non-linear,irreversible不可逆的)2.Propertieshighlyvariablefunctionofsoiltypes andstresshistory3.Propertieschangewithtime,stress,environment,…4.Everysitehasdifferentsoilconditions-newchallenge5.Soil"hidden"underground anddataonsmallfractionofdepositGeotechnicalEngineeringT

4、hiscoursedescribestheapplicationofsoilmechanicsintheanalysisanddesignoffoundations(shallowanddeep)andearthretainingstructures.Thelecturesincludeanoverviewofgeotechnicalsiteinvestigationmethodsandinsitutestsusedtoestimateengineeringparameters.Thecourseemphasizestheimportanceofparameters

5、electionincalculationsofultimateandserviceabilitylimitstatecalculationsforbothshallowanddeepfoundations,anddiscussesmethodsofsoilimprovement.Thesectiononearthretainingstructuresconsiderssystemsrangingfromgravitywallstocompositeconstruction(reinforcedearth),fromstructuralsupporttofieldm

6、onitoringofexcavations(bracing,tiebackanchorsetc.).(1)Whatisconsolidation?Consolidationisatime-related(时间性)processofincreasingthedensity(增加密度)ofasaturatedsoilbydrainingsomeofthewateroutofthevoids.(2)Theshearstrengthofasoil[土的抗剪强度](tf)atapointonaparticularplanewasoriginallyexpressedbyCo

7、ulombasalinearfunctionofthenormalstress(s’f)ontheplaneatthesamepointbywherec’iscohesion[粘聚力]andf’isinternalangleoffriction[内摩擦角].(3)Ultimatebearingcapacity(qu)isdefinedasthepressurewhichwouldcauseshearfailureofthesupportingsoilimmediatelybelowandadjacenttoafoundation.(当基底压力增大到极限承载力时,