山东省济南市莱芜第一中学2024届高三上学期期中考试英语试题 word版含解析.docx

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莱芜一中高三第一学期阶段性学情调研英语试题注意事项1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡相应位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂照，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whydoesthemanneedtochangehisjeans?A.Theyarebig.B.Theyaredirty.C.Theyareold.2.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Running.B.Fishing.C.Wrestling.3.Whatdoesthewomanoffertodofortheman?A.Givehimaride.B.Buyhimsomemedicine.C.Makeadoctor’sappointment.4.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Secretaryandboss.B.Classmates.C.Studentandteacher.5.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Ataclothingstore.B.Atarestaurant.C.Atasupermarket.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段长对话，回答小题。6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Whatsportstheylike.B.Whentheyplaysports.C.Howtheypracticesports.7.Whendidthemanmovetotheseasidetown?A.3yearsagoB.5yearsago.C.10yearsago.听下面一段长对话，回答小题。8.WhathappenedtoBonzo?A.Helosthisball.B.Hefellterriblyill.C.Hehadanaccident.9.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthewoman?A.Sympathetic.B.Grateful.C.Disappointed.听下面一段长对话，回答小题。10.Whocanhearverywellaccordingtotheman?A.Thewoman’ssister.B.Theman’sfather.C.Themanhimself.11.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomandoaboutherproblem?A.Gotoseeadoctor.B.Spendmoretimeoutside.C.Checkherfamilyhistory.12.Whydoesn’tthewomanwantahearingaid?A.Itisuseless.B.Itcostsalot.C.Itmakesherlookold.听下面一段长对话，回答小题。13.Wheredidthemanjustarrive?A.Hisoffice.B.Hisschool.C.Hisfriend’shome.14.Whywasthemanlate?AHegotlost.B.Hestoppedontheway.C.Hewasstuckintraffic.15.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Havesomethingtodrink.B.Changehisclothes.C.Parkhiscar.16.Whatisthewomanlike?A.Confident.B.Considerate.C.Confused.听下面一段独白，回答小题。17.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkofmath?A.Powerful.B.Tiring.C.Funny.18.WhatisuniqueabouttheLogicalChaosclass?A.Itisnew.B.Itisoutofdate.C.Itistotallydisordered. 19.Whendoesthelectureend?A.At11:00a.m.B.At1:10p.m.C.At3:00p.m.20.WhatwillthestudentsdoonThursdaymornings?A.Takeatest.B.Discussthedailyproblems.C.Gooverthespeaker’slectures.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWe’veroundedfourofthemosthighlyexpectedbookreleasesofNovember,allavailablenowtopurchaseorpreorderonAmazon.“ReadyPlayerTwo:ANovel”byErnestCline(availableNovember24,startingat$14.99;amazon.com)ReadyforalittleescapisminthetimeofCovid-19?DiveintoCline’ssequel(续集)“ReadyPlayerOne”(whichwasadaptedbyStevenSpielbergintoahitmovie)totakeathrillrideofascience-fictionadventurethroughavirtualuniversepackedwithmysteries.“MoonflowerMurders”byAnthonyHorowitz(startingat$14.99;amazon.com)FanswillstayuplatereadingthissuspensefulspinonBritishcrimefiction.Inthistale,Ryeland,whohasmovedtoaGreekislandtorunahotel,getscaughtupinthedisappearanceofavisitingcouple’sdaughter.Keeptheteakettlehandy—thisonewillbehardtoputdown.“TheBestofMe”byDavidSedaris(startingat$15.99;amazon.com)Whenyouwantagoodold-fashionedlaugh,turntothisnewcollectionofSedaris’funniestandmostheartwarmingessaysandfictionalstorieswrittenoverthelast25-plusyears. “FortuneandGlory:AStephaniePlumNovel”byJanetEvanovich(startingat$14.99;amazon.com)Fanswon’twanttomissits27thinstallment,takingheroineStephaniePlumonadangeroustreasurehunt.ThestoryintroducesthecharacterofPlum’snewenemy,GabrielaRose.Paceyourself:Withthisnovel,you’reinforawildride.1.Whichofthefollowingismostamusing?A.ReadyPlayerTwo:ANovel.B.MoonflowerMurders.C.TheBestofMe.D.FortuneandGlory:AStephaniePlumNovel.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.ThelastonetobepublishedisFortuneandGlory:AStephaniePlumNovel.B.ReadyPlayerTwo:ANoveliswrittenbyStevenSpielberg.C.AdetectivefancanchooseMoonflowerMurders.D.ThepriceofTheBestofMeisthehighest.3.Whoisthepassageintendedfor?A.Actors.B.Writers.C.Publishers.D.Readinglovers.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文，文章列出了11月份最受期待的四本书。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三本书的介绍内容“Whenyouwantagoodold-fashionedlaugh,turntothisnewcollectionofSedaris’funniestandmostheartwarmingessaysandfictionalstorieswrittenoverthelast25-plusyears.(如果你想要一场老式的大笑，那就读读Sedaris在过去25多年里写的最有趣、最暖心的散文和虚构故事)”可知，TheBestofMe这本书最有趣，故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二本书的介绍内容“FanswillstayuplatereadingthissuspensefulspinonBritishcrimefiction.(粉丝们会熬夜阅读这部悬疑的英国犯罪小说)”可知，MoonflowerMurders这本书是悬疑犯罪小说，故侦探迷可以选择这本书，故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合第一段“We’veroundedfourofthemosthighlyexpectedbookreleasesof November,allavailablenowtopurchaseorpreorderonAmazon.(我们列出了11月份最受期待的四本书，现在都可以在亚马逊上购买或预订)”可知，文章列出了11月份最受期待的四本书，故是写给阅读爱好者的，故选D。BThomasHardywasbornatHigherBockhampton,Dorset,onJune2,1840,wherehisfatherworkedasabuilder.Fromhisfatherhegainedanappreciationofmusic,andfromhismotheranappetiteforlearningandthedelightsofthecountrysideabouthisruralhome.Duetohispoorhealth,Hardydidnotstartschooluntilhewaseight.At16,Hardyhelpedhisfatherwitharchitecturaldrawingsandthenstartedtoworkforarchitects.LaterhemovedtoLondonandbeganwritingpoems,buthisworkswererejectedbypublishers.In1870,hewassenttoworkinCornwall.TherehemethisfuturewifeEmmaGifford,whoencouragedhiminhiswriting.HardypublishedhisfirstnovelDesperateRemediesin1871,touniversaldisinterest.ButthefollowingyearUndertheGreenwoodTreebroughtHardypopularpraiseforthefirsttime.Aswithmostofhisfictionalworks,thisnovelincorporatedrealplacesaroundDorsetintotheplot,includingthevillageschoolthatHardyattended.AfterUndertheGreenwoodTreecameaserializednovelAPairofBlueEves.OncemoreHardydrewuponreallife,andthenovelmirrorshisromancewithEmma.HardyfollowedthiswithFarFromtheMaddingCrowd,setinPuddletown,nearhisbirthplace.ThisnovelfinallynettedHardythesuccessthatenabledhimtogiveuphisarchitecturalpracticeandconcentrateonlyonwriting.TheHardyslivedinLondonforashorttime,theninYeovil,theninSturminsterNewton,whichHardydescribedas“idyllic(田园诗般的)”.ItwasatSturminsterNewtonthathepennedReturnoftheNative,oneofhismostenduring(持久的)works.In1887HardypublishedTheWoodlander,astoryconcerninganhonestwoodsmaninasmallvillage.Thenin1891oneofhisbestworks,Tessofthed’Urbervilles,cameout,whichwassetprimarilyintheEnglishcountrysideduringthe19thcentury.Tessexcitedinterest,buthisnextwork,JudetheObscure(1896),threwHardyintoastormofcontroversy(争议),whichmadehimturnawayfromfictionandfocusedonpoetryfortherestofhislife.4.WhatdoweknowaboutHardy?A.Hewasintodrawingasayoungman.B.Hegotfameatfirstattemptofwriting.C.Hiswritingcareerstartedwithpoems.D.HiswifeEmmasharedhisinterest.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incorporated”inparagraph2mean? A.Integrated.B.Changed.C.Developed.D.Forced.6.AfterwhichnovelwasHardyfullydevotedtowriting?A.APairofBlueEyes.B.FarFromtheMaddingCrowd.C.Tessofthed’Urbervilles.D.JudetheObscure.7.WhatisthecommonelementinmostofHardy’snovels?A.Campuslife.B.LifeinLondon.C.Marriagelife.D.Lifeinthecountryside.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名文学家托马斯·哈代的生平经历。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“LaterhemovedtoLondonandbeganwritingpoems,buthisworkswererejectedbypublishers.(后来他搬到伦敦，开始写诗，但他的作品被出版商拒绝。)”可知，哈代的写作生涯是从诗歌开始的。故选C。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段第三句中的“realplacesaroundDorsetintotheplot(……多塞特郡的真实场景进入情节)”可知，此处是指在小说中把多塞特郡周围的真实场景融入了情节，所以incorporated意为“包含，合并”。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“HardyfollowedthiswithFarFromtheMaddingCrowd,setinPuddletown,nearhisbirthplace.ThisnovelfinallynettedHardythesuccessthatenabledhimtogiveuphisarchitecturalpracticeandconcentrateonlyonwriting.(哈代接着写了《远离喧嚣》，故事发生在他出生地附近的普德镇。这部小说最终为哈代赢得了成功，使他能够放弃建筑实践，只专注于写作。)”可知，在《远离喧嚣》后哈代全身心投入到写作当中。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“Aswithmostofhisfictionalworks,thisnovelincorporatedrealplacesaroundDorsetintotheplot,includingthevillageschoolthatHardyattended.(与他的大多数虚构作品一样，这部小说将多塞特郡周围的真实地方融入了情节，包括哈代就读的乡村学校。)”和第六段“In1887,HardypublishedTheWoodlander,astoryconcerninganhonestwoodsmaninasmallvillage.Thenin1891oneofhisbestworks,Tessofthed’Urbervilles,cameout,whichwassetprimarilyintheEnglishcountrysideduringthe19th century.(1887年，哈代出版了《樵夫》，讲述了一个小村庄里一个诚实的樵夫的故事。1891年，他最好的作品之一《德伯家的苔丝》问世了，故事主要发生在19世纪的英国乡村。)”可知，哈代大部分小说的常见元素是乡村生活。故选D。CLonelyretiredpeoplecannowbuy“grandkids-on-demand”atthepressofabutton.UsinganewappnamedPapa,theelderlycancallonyoungpeopletocomeandvisitthemandkeepthemcompany.Elderlypeople,whomayhavelosttouchwiththeirownfamily,canalsoasktheirrentedgrandchildrentodochoresanddrivethemaround.Papa,whichisbasedinMiami,Florida,isavailableasamobileappandacustomertelephonelineforthosewithoutaccesstoasmartphone.Papa’srepresentativeswillthenprovideafreeconsultationwiththepersontoseehowitcanpaircollegestudentswiththem.Theappcoststheelderlycitizens$15anhourandthePapaPalsreceiveatleast$10pervisit.Andtheexactsumiscalculatedbyanalgorithm(算法)andvariesbasedonthetypeoftripundertakenbythePapaPal.AccordingtoAndrewParker,thefounderandchiefexecutiveofthecompanionshipservice,mostPapaPalsmakeonaveragebetween$20to$30pervisit.Theaveragevisitlastsaroundthreehours.Althoughdesignedoriginallyforhelpingoldpeople,MrParkerbelievesitcouldalsoprovideservicestootherweakgroups.Theentrepreneurhasalsotargetedbabysittingandcaringforadultsorchildrenwithautismaspotentialfutureexpansionprojectswithintheapp.Papaalsoprovidessomewhatofadigitaleducation,assistingtheelderlysetupNetflixorvideochatwiththeirgrandchildren.8InwhatsituationscantheelderlyusePapa?A.Iftheyhaveamobilephone.B.Iftheyarealone.C.Whentheywanttohaveapartner.D.Whentheyareawayfromtheirfamilies.9.WhatcanwelearnaboutaPapaPalfromthetext?A.Hewillprovideafreeconsultationtotheelderly.B.Hecanmatchcollegestudentswiththeelderly.C.Hewillcallonandaccompanytheelderly.D.Hecancalculatetheexactsumofthecost.10.Howmuchwilltheelderlyspendreceivingtheservicepervisitgenerally?A.About$10.B.About$15.C.About$20to$30.D.About$30to$4511.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Papawillreceivegreaterpopularity.B.Papawillbeusedineducationinfuture.C.ItisconvenientfortheelderlytousePapa.D.TheelderlycanaskthePapaPaltodrivearound. 【答案】8.B9.B10.B11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款名为Papa的新应用，可以让孤独的老人叫来年轻人陪伴。介绍了这种软件的工作方式以及收费等情况。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Lonelyretiredpeoplecannowbuy‘grandkids-on-demand’atthepressofabutton.UsinganewappnamedPapa,theelderlycancallonyoungpeopletocomeandvisitthemandkeepthemcompany.(孤独的退休老人现在只需按一下按钮就可以购买“按需孙辈”服务。通过一款名为Papa的新应用，老人可以号召年轻人来看望他们，陪伴他们)”可知，当老人们孤独的时候可以使用Papa。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Papa’srepresentativeswillthenprovideafreeconsultationwiththepersontoseehowitcanpaircollegestudentswiththem.(Papa的代表随后将向该客户提供免费咨询，看它如何将大学生与他们配对)”可知，PapaPal能把大学生和老人配对。故选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theappcoststheelderlycitizens$15anhourandthePapaPalsreceiveatleast$10pervisit.(这款应用每小时收费15美元，PapaPals每次访问至少可获得10美元)”可知，一般而言，老人每次接受服务的费用是大约15美元。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Lonelyretiredpeoplecannowbuy‘grandkids-on-demand’atthepressofabutton.UsinganewappnamedPapa,theelderlycancallonyoungpeopletocomeandvisitthemandkeepthemcompany.(孤独的退休老人现在只需按一下按钮就可以购买“按需孙辈”服务。通过一款名为Papa的新应用，老人可以号召年轻人来看望他们，陪伴他们)”以及最后一段“Althoughdesignedoriginallyforhelpingoldpeople,MrParkerbelievesitcouldalsoprovideservicestootherweakgroups.(虽然最初的设计是为了帮助老年人，但帕克先生认为，它也可以为其他弱势群体提供服务)”可推知，Papa软件老人用起来很方便。故选C。DSofar,theuseofunderwatercamerashasbeenlimited.Somemustbestucktopowerwires.Othersrelyonbatteries,whichdon’ttendtolastlong.Suchlimitshavekeptscientistsfromexploringmostoftheoceanworld.Butnowresearchershavefoundawayaroundtheseproblems—underwatercamerascangetanewpowersourcefromsound.Thecamerahastwosensorsonthebottom.Eachismadeofmultiplelayersofapiezoelectricmaterial.When soundtravelsthroughthewater,itcreateswavesofpressure,whichcausethematerialtovibrate(振动).Andthematerialchangesthesevibrationsintoelectricalenergyandstoresitinacapacitor.Oncethecapacitorhasenoughenergy,itturnsonthecameraandtakesapicture.Then,itletsthesecondsensortapintomoresoundenergytosendthepicture.Inthisway,thesensorsnotonlypowerthecamera,butbroadcastthedatacarryingitsimages.Anysoundcanpowerit—fromswimmingfishtoapassingship.Oneofthesensorscanfocusoncollectingenergyforthecamerawhiletheotherfocusesoncommunication.Howquicklythesystemtakestorechargedependsonhowloudandclosethesoundis.Inaquietsetting,thecamerawilltakeabout10to12seconds.Withimprovedsensors,thecamerawillchargeinlessthanasecondbyusingsoundsfrommorethan100metersaway.Torecordanimagethecameraflashesaseriesofred,blueandgreenlights.Thesystemthencombineswhatitseesintoasinglecolorphoto.Tocommunicate,thecamerahasaninternalswitch,whichcontrolswhetherasensorusesincomingsoundforbroadcasting.Thatswitchislikeamirrorbeingmovedintoandoutofposition.Whenthatswitchisinposition,thesystemwillusesomesoundtocarrythephoto’sdigitaldatatoareceiver.Thatreceiverpicksupthecamera’sbroadcastandassemblesthedataintoanimage.Andthentheunderseaphotoshootisdone.12.Whereistheelectricalenergykept?A.Inasensor.B.Inacapacitor.C.Inaswitch.D.Inareceiver.13.Whichofthefollowingdeterminesthetimetorechargethesystem?A.Thequietsettingofasound.B.Theflexibilityofthesensors.C.Thequalityandsourceofasound.D.Theloudnessandlocationofasound.14.Whatismainlystressedinthelastparagraph?A.Howsensorscommunicatethroughimages.B.Howdifferentcolorsarecombined.C.Howtheunderseacameraworks.D.Howthenewsystemusessounds.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.CollectingPowerfromVariousCreaturesB.DevelopingaNewCamerathroughSoundsC.PoweringaNewCamerawithOceanSoundsD.ProvidingNewFunctionsforaNewCamera 【答案】12.B13.D14.C15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了新型水下相机，它可以从声音中获得电力供应。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Andthematerialchangesthesevibrationsintoelectricalenergyandstoresitinacapacitor.(这种材料将这些振动转化为电能，并将其储存在电容器中)”可知，电能被储存在电容器中，故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Howquicklythesystemtakestorechargedependsonhowloudandclosethesoundis.(系统充电的速度取决于声音的大小和远近)”可知，系统充电时间取决于声音的大小和位置，故选D。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容，尤其是最后两句“Thatreceiverpicksupthecamera’sbroadcastandassemblesthedataintoanimage.Andthentheunderseaphotoshootisdone.(接收器接收相机的广播并将数据整合成图像。然后海底照片拍摄就完成了)”可知，本段主要讲述海底相机如何拍照，故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Butnowresearchershavefoundawayaroundtheseproblems—underwatercamerascangetanewpowersourcefromsound.(但现在研究人员已经找到了解决这些问题的方法——水下相机可以从声音中获得新的电源)”可知，文章主要介绍了一种新型水下相机，它可以从声音中获得电力供应，C项“用海洋声音为新相机供电”为最佳标题，故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Napping(小睡)atmiddaykeepsafternoonsleepinessaway.___16___Shortlyafterlunch,silencefillsthewholeofficebuilding,fortheemployeesarenowtakinganapbreak.Anunspokenagreementissharedthateachdeservesapersonalnappingspacewithoutdisturbance.___17___LiuZongyuan,afamouspoetintheTangDynasty,onceimpressedusbyavividdescriptionofajoyfulandleisurelynaptime.NappingatnoonmightdatefromthelateEasternHanDynasty.Accordingtothestory“SanGuMaoLu”,ZhugeKongmingwasinasoundnapwhenLiuBeicamevisitinghimforthethirdtime.SomeresearchersinterprettheChinesenappinghabitinthelightofeatinghabits.Chinesepeopleinthenortheatwheatenfoodprimarilyandthoseinthesouthrelyonrice.Biologytellsusthatwheatenfoodandricecontainalotofglucose(葡萄糖).NormallyweChinesegetonafullstomachafterlunch,sotheglucose-richChinesediet raisesthelevelofbloodglucose.___18___Theseexplanationsareseeminglyreasonable.___19___EvendaysofconversationtoWesterndiet,insteadofwheatenfoodorrice,cannoteasemypost-lunchlaziness,henceanapataquietplaceisdesperate.Noonnapoccurseverywhere:customersnappingonasofaorSimmons,park-goersonabenchoronthelawn,arefrequentlynoticedonnewspapersandtheInternet.___20___Thosewhonapinpublicplacesembarrasspassers-by,whichisnotsociallytolerable.Onthecontrary,aself-disciplinedpersonpreferringtonapinaprivatespaceisregardedasanapperwithdecency.A.Itleadstosleepiness.B.They,however,donotworkonme.C.Itcastsitsspellonsummerdaysparticularly.D.Noon-timenappingisakindofself-protection.E.Nappingisalsoaculturalbehaviorwithalonghistory.F.Bethatasitmay,yournappingplacesmakeadifference.G.Otherwise,onlyalie-ininthemorningcouldhelpmegetenoughenergyforthewholeafternoon.【答案】16.C17.E18.A19.B20.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了午间小睡的作用、历史文化传统、科学原因和场所选择的重要性。【16题详解】前文“Napping(小睡)atmiddaykeepsafternoonsleepinessaway.(中午小睡可以赶走下午的困倦。)”引入文章的话题——中午小睡，C项“Itcastsitsspellonsummerdaysparticularly.(尤其是在夏天，它的魅力更大。)”符合语境，承接前文，强调中午小睡在夏天更吸引人，其中的It指代前文的Nappingatmidday。故选C。【17题详解】空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需统领段落内容。后文“LiuZongyuan,afamouspoetintheTangDynasty,onceimpressedusbyavividdescriptionofajoyfulandleisurelynaptime.NappingatnoonmightdatefromthelateEasternHanDynasty.Accordingtothestory“SanGuMaoLu”,ZhugeKongmingwasinasoundnapwhenLiuBeicamevisitinghimforthethirdtime.(唐代著名诗人柳宗元曾生动地描写过一个愉快而悠闲的午睡时间，给我们留下了深刻的印象。中午打盹的习俗可以追溯到东汉晚期。据《三顾茅庐》记载，刘备第三次来访时，诸葛孔明正睡得正香。)”用两个事例主要介绍了历史中的午睡传统，E项“Nappingisalsoaculturalbehaviorwithalonghistory.(小睡也是一种历史悠久的文化行为。)”符合语境，契合下文内容。故选E。【18题详解】 前文“NormallyweChinesegetonafullstomachafterlunch,sotheglucose-richChinesedietraisesthelevelofbloodglucose.(通常我们中国人午饭后会吃得很饱，所以富含葡萄糖的中国饮食会提高血糖水平。)”解释中国人的午饭富含葡萄糖，会提高血糖水平，A项“Itleadstosleepiness.(它会导致困倦。)”符合语境，承接前文，进一步解释血糖水平升高的结果。故选A。【19题详解】前文“Theseexplanationsareseeminglyreasonable.(这些解释似乎是合理的。)”说明解释的合理性，后文“EvendaysofconversationtoWesterndiet,insteadofwheatenfoodorrice,cannoteasemypost-lunchlaziness,henceanapataquietplaceisdesperate.(即使是几天的西式饮食，而不是面食或米饭，也不能缓解我午饭后的懒惰，因此在一个安静的地方小睡一下是迫切的。)”说明按照解释去改变饮食却没有用，B项“They,however,donotworkonme.(然而，它们对我不起作用。)”符合语境，承上启下，和前文形成转折，其中的They指代前文的Theseexplanations。故选B。【20题详解】前文“Noonnapoccurseverywhere:customersnappingonasofaorSimmons,park-goersonabenchoronthelawn,arefrequentlynoticedonnewspapersandtheInternet.(午睡随处可见：顾客在沙发或席梦思上打盹，公园里的人在长凳上或草坪上打盹，这些都经常出现在报纸和互联网上。)”说明午睡的普遍性，后文“Thosewhonapinpublicplacesembarrasspassers-by,whichisnotsociallytolerable.(那些在公共场所小睡的人让路人感到尴尬，这在社会上是不可容忍的。)”评价在公共场所小睡的行为是尴尬的，F项“Bethatasitmay,yournappingplacesmakeadifference.(尽管如此，你小睡的地方还是很重要的。)”符合语境，承上启下，和前文形成转折，引出后文的评价。故选F。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Mydadisakind,gentlemanwithfewwords.ButthewordswerealwaysappropriatetothesituationIwasfacing.Asateen,whenI____21____withmakingsenseoftheworldaroundme,hetaughtmetheright____22____oftheworld.WhenIwasofferedthechancetobeamanagerofanorganizationasanundergraduatestudent,Iaskedhimforadvice____23____hewasaseniormanagerofalargecompany.Hisadvicewassimple,“Onlywhenyoubecomethemanagercanyouhaveavisionforhowyoucanbe____24____withmanaginganorganizationwithinyourpower;managementisn’taboutpowerandit’sabout____25____”IlearnedwhatIneededwasnotonlytobe____26____formyteambutalsotohaveleadingability.Mydadis86now,livingonhisown.Hekeepsapositiveattitudedespitethe____27____thatagingbrings. Althoughwelivequitefarawayfromeachother,wetalkdailyonthephone,andhesharesthe____28____ofmyyoungfamily.AsItellhimhowwe’re____29____cyclingoronatriporouttoplaytennis,nowhistypicalresponseis,“Doitwhileyoucan.”Thisisveryimportant.Wecan’t____30____thefuture,whichisalwayshardtobeawareof.Dadtrustedme,and____31____meeachtimeIwassador____32____.Herarely“lecturedme”.Hispatienceand____33____havebeentruegiftsinmylife.WheneverIdoubtmyabilityandmymotivation,I____34____recallhisvaluableadvice,“Doitwhileyoucan.Seizethedayand____35____ittothefullest.”It’senoughto“justgetmestarted”.21.A.comparedB.equippedC.complainedD.struggled22.A.viewB.locationC.decisionD.response23.A.althoughB.becauseC.untilD.while24.A.assistedB.arguedC.chargedD.monitored25.A.atmosphereB.leadershipC.virtueD.mission26.A.responsibleB.gratefulC.sufficientD.convenient27.A.principlesB.awardsC.occasionsD.challenges28.A.despairsB.tensionsC.joysD.reliefs29A.settingaboutB.lookingthroughC.figuringoutD.showingoff30.A.assumeB.predictC.seekD.admit31.A.ensuredB.inspiredC.battledD.pressed32.A.absorbedB.pleasedC.satisfiedD.disappointed33.A.wisdomB.strictnessC.careD.push34.A.graduallyB.naturallyC.absolutelyD.regularly35.A.approachB.desireC.enjoyD.claim【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.B26.A27.D28.C29.A30.B31.B32.D33.A34.B35.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者父亲给作者的陪伴和鼓励，教会了作者正确的世界观，作者十分珍惜父亲的智慧和对自己的人生引导。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：十几岁的时候，我还在努力理解周围的世界，他教会了我正确的世界观。A.compared比较；B.equipped装备；C.complained抱怨；D.struggled努力，奋斗。根据上文“Asateen” 可知，作为一个青少年，作者还在努力理解周围的世界。故选D项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：十几岁的时候，我还在努力理解周围的世界，他教会了我正确的世界观。A.view观点；B.location地点；C.decision决定；D.response回应。根据上文“ButthewordswerealwaysappropriatetothesituationIwasfacing”可知，爸爸教会了作者正确的世界观。故选A项。【23题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：当我在大学期间得到一个担任组织经理的机会时，我向他征求意见，因为他是一家大公司的高级经理。A.although尽管；B.because因为；C.until直到；D.while当……时。根据下文“hewasaseniormanagerofalargecompany”可知，因为爸爸是一家大公司的高级经理，所以作者向他征求意见。故选B项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的建议很简单：“只有当你成为经理时，你才能对如何在你的权力范围内管理用你的愿景一个组织；管理不是关于权力，而是关于领导力。”A.assisted协助；B.argued争论；C.charged使……承担责任；D.monitored监视。根据上文“WhenIwasofferedthechancetobeamanagerofanorganizationasanundergraduatestudent”可知，爸爸告诉作者只有成为经理时，才能知道如何用自己的权利承担管理一个组织的责任，bechargedwith固定搭配，意为“承担”。故选C项。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的建议很简单：“只有当你成为经理时，你才能对如何在你的权力范围内管理用你的愿景一个组织；管理不是关于权力，而是关于领导力。”A.atmosphere氛围；B.leadership领导力；C.virtue美德；D.mission任务。根据下文“haveleadingability”可知，父亲告诉作者，管理是关于领导力的。故选B项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我了解到我所需要的不仅是对我的团队负责，而且要有领导能力。A.responsible负责任的；B.grateful感激的；C.sufficient足够的；D.convenient方便的。根据上文“managementisn’taboutpowerandit’sabout________.”可知，管理不仅仅是为了负责，而是要有领导能力。故选A项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管老龄化带来了挑战，他仍然保持着积极的态度。A.principles行为准则；B.awards奖品；C.occasions场合；D.challenges挑战。根据“Mydadis86now,livingonhisown.”可知，父亲的岁数大，这给他带来了挑战。故选D项。【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我们住得很远，但我们每天都在电话里聊天，他和我一起分享我们年轻家庭的快乐。A.despairs绝望；B.tensions紧张；C.joys欢乐；D.reliefs宽慰。根据“ofmyyoungfamily”可知，作者和父亲一起分享年轻家庭的欢乐。故选C项。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我告诉他我们是如何骑车、旅行或出去打网球时，他的典型反应是：“趁你还能做的时候去做。”A.settingabout出发；B.lookingthrough看穿；C.figuringout解决、算出；D.showingoff炫耀。根据下文“cyclingoronatriporouttoplaytennis”可知，此处表示出发骑车、旅行或者打网球。故选A项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们无法预测未来，未来总是难以预知的。A.assume假设；B.predict预测；C.seek寻求；D.admit承认。根据下文“whichisalwayshardtobeawareof”可知，未来是难以预测的。故选B项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：爸爸信任我，每当我伤心或失望时，他总是鼓励我。A.ensured确保；B.inspired鼓励；C.battled斗争；D.pressed按压。根据下文“Iwassad”可知，当作者伤心时，父亲总是鼓励作者。故选B项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：爸爸信任我，每当我伤心或失望时，他总是鼓励我。A.absorbed全神贯注的；B.pleased高兴的；C.satisfied满意的；D.disappointed失望的。根据上文“Iwassad”可知，空处表示心情的单词应该与sad情感色彩一致，所以是“失望的”，当作者伤心或失望时，父亲总是鼓励作者。故选D项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的耐心和智慧是我生命中真正的礼物。A.wisdom智慧；B.strictness严格；C.care关心；D.push鼓励，推，尝试。根据“Hispatienceand____13____havebeentruegiftsinmylife.”并结合上文父亲告诉作者的话语可知，父亲的耐心和智慧是作者生命中的礼物。故选A项。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我怀疑自己的能力和动力时，我很自然地想起了他最近的智慧礼物：“趁你还能做的时候去做。抓住每一天，尽情享受。”A.gradually逐渐地；B.naturally自然地；C.absolutely完全地；D.regularly规律地。根据上文“WheneverIdoubtmyabilityandmymotivation”可知，每当作者怀疑自己的能力和动力时，都会很自然地想起父亲的话语。故选B项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我怀疑自己的能力和动力时， 我很自然地想起了他最近的智慧礼物：“趁你还能做的时候去做。抓住每一天，尽情享受。”A.approach靠近；B.desire渴望；C.enjoy享受；D.claim声称，索要。根据下文“ittothefullest”可知，父亲告诉作者，要抓住每一天，尽情享受。故选C项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.Ablackslate(石板),analloysteelneedleanddecadesofpracticeare___36___LiYahuaneedstocreatetheperfectHuihestoneshadowcarvingworkofart.Withherlefthand___37___(gentle)leaningagainstthemirror-likestonetosupporttheheavychisel(凿子)she’sholdinginherrighthand,theartistcreatesablack-and-whitelandscapebyintensivelychiselingdotsinvarioussizesanddensityonthestone.___38___(difference)fromtraditionalChinesearttypesthatemphasizethebeautyoflines,stoneshadowcarvinghighlightsthesizeand___39___(deep)ofdots.“Weuseanalloysteelneedletochiselwhitedotstocreateimagesonapolishedandsmoothblackslate,”Liexplained,addingthepressure___40___(use)tochiselthemwasthekeytogettingthecarvingright.“OnanA4-paper-sizeblackslate,weneedtochiselabout100milliondots___41___(create)animage,”shecontinued,addingitwouldtake7to20daystocompletetheworkdependingonitslevelofcomplexity.Bornintoafamilyofstonecarvers,stoneandalloysteelneedles___42___(be)Li’sbestfriendssincechildhoodandthesoundofchisel___43___(knock)ontheslateisthesoundtracktoherlife.___44___56-year-oldhasdevotednearly40yearstothecraft.Forher,shadowcarvingisaboutpreservinghistory,cultureandart,____45____recordingthestoriesofthetimes.【答案】36.what37.gently38.Different39.depth40.used41.tocreate42.havebeen43.knocking44.The45.and【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了艺术家李亚华用石板和针刻画石像的过程。【36题详解】考查表语从句。句意：一块黑石板，一根合金钢针，几十年的实践，才是李亚华创作出一件完美的回河石影雕艺术作品所需要的东西。该空引导表语从句，从句中needs缺少宾语，意为“……的东西”，用连接代词what。故填what。 【37题详解】考查副词。句意：左手轻轻地靠在镜子般的石头上，支撑着右手拿着的沉凿，艺术家通过在石头上密集地凿出各种大小和密度的点，创造了一幅黑白景观。副词gently作状语，修饰动词短语leaningagainst。故填gently。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意：与强调线条美的中国传统艺术类型不同，石影雕刻突出了点的大小和深度。differentfrom(不同于)，用形容词different，首字母大写。故填Different。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：与强调线条美的中国传统艺术类型不同，石影雕刻突出了点的大小和深度。thesizeand___4___(deep)ofdots是名词所有格结构，用不可数名词depth。故填depth。【40题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：李亚华解释说：“我们用合金钢针在抛光光滑的黑色石板上凿出白点来创造图像。”她补充说，被用来凿出白点的压力是雕刻正确的关键。逻辑主语thepressure和非谓语动词use是被动关系，use用过去分词形式作后置定语，修饰thepressure。故填used。【41题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：“在A4纸大小的黑色石板上，我们需要凿出大约1亿个点来创建一个图像，”她继续说道，并补充说，根据其复杂程度，完成这项工作需要7到20天。create用不定式作目的状语。故填tocreate。【42题详解】考查时态。句意：出生在一个石雕世家的李亚华，从小就与石针和合金钢针为友，凿子敲击石板的声音是她生活的原声。since+过去时间点（sincechildhood），谓语动词be用现在完成时，主语stoneandalloysteelneedles复数，谓语复数形式。故填havebeen。【43题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：出生在一个石雕世家的李亚华，从小就与石针和合金钢针为友，凿子敲击石板的声音是她生活的原声。逻辑主语chisel和非谓语动词knock是主动关系，knock用现在分词形式作后置定语，修饰chisel。故填knocking。【44题详解】考查定冠词。句意：56岁的李亚华已经为这项技术奉献了近40年的时间。特指“56岁的李亚华”，用定冠词the，首字母大写。故填The。【45题详解】考查并列连词。句意：对她来说，石影雕刻就是保存历史文化艺术，记录时代故事。preservinghistory,culture andart和recordingthestoriesofthetimes是并列关系，用表并列的并列连词and。故填and。第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）46.假定你是李华，你班本周ClassReport的主题是AManofPerseverance。请你写一篇发言稿。内容包括：1.人物事迹简介；2.给你的启示。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Goodmorning,everyone.Today,I’dliketoshareastoryaboutamanofperseverance.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thanksforyourlistening.【答案】Onepossibleversion:Goodmorning,everyone.Today,I’dliketoshareastoryaboutamanofperseverance.ThomasEdison,thegreatinventor,facednumerousfailuresbeforehisgroundbreakingsuccess.Hemadecountlessattemptstoinventtheelectriclightbulb,experiencingoverathousandfailures.However,insteadofgivingup,hefamouslysaid,“Ihavenotfailed.I’vejustfound10,000waysthatwon’twork.”Histenacityandrefusaltoacceptdefeatultimatelyledhimtosuccess,foreverchangingtheworld.Thisstoryteachesmeavaluablelessonaboutperseverance.Itremindsmethatfailureisnotareasontoquitbutanopportunitytolearnandgrow.Itisthroughpersistencethatwecanovercomeobstaclesandachieveourgoals.Inconclusion,letusrememberthewordsofThomasEdisonandembraceperseveranceinourownlives.Thanksforyourlistening.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求考生写一篇主题为AManofPerseverance的发言稿参加本周的课堂报告，需简要介绍人物事迹，并分享自己得到的启示。【详解】1.词汇积累无数的：numerous→countless,numberless,innumerable 经历：experience→undergo,gothrough放弃：giveup→quit,abandon宝贵的：valuable→precious,treasurable战胜：overcome→conquer,surmount阻碍：obstacle→barrier,impediment实现：achieve→accomplish,obtain2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Histenacityandrefusaltoacceptdefeatultimatelyledhimtosuccess,foreverchangingtheworld.拓展句：Histenacityandrefusaltoacceptdefeatultimatelyledhimtosuccess,whichhasforeverchangedtheworld.【点睛】[高分句型1]Itremindsmethatfailureisnotareasontoquitbutanopportunitytolearnandgrow.(运用了连接词that引导宾语从句)[高分句型2]Itisthroughpersistencethatwecanovercomeobstaclesandachieveourgoals.(运用了Itis…that…强调句型)第二节（满分25分）47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。MymomandIwereinFloridaduringherspringbreakfromteachingmiddleschool.Asananxiousfour-year-old,IhadaskedmymomseveraltimesiftheEasterBunnywouldbeabletofindus.Sheassuredmetherewouldbeeggs.OnEastermorning,mymomandIdiscoveredthattheEasterBunnyhadlefteggsonthehotel’smainlawn(草坪)forallthekids.Aswewalkedtowardthegroupofadultsandkidswaitingforinstructions,Ibegansizingupthecompetition.Allofthekidsweremuchbiggerthanme.Itwasn’tlookinggood.Themanagerinchargeofthehuntexplainedtherules.MyheartbeganracingasIwatchedsomeoftheotherkidsgetintoaposetostart.Whenthemanageryelled“GO!”,allkidsrushedacrossthelawn,runningfromtreetotreelookingfortheplasticEastereggsfilledwithcandy.Iracedtotheclosesttreebutdidnotfindanyeggs.Irantoanearbysandpithopingtherewouldbeanegghiddenthere.Butinvain.Ilookedacrossthelawnandsawtheotherkidsholdinguptheirplasticeggsandknewmychanceoffindingevenoneeggwasdecreasingbythesecond.Justthenmymompointedoutapalmtreeacrossthelawn.“LookThere’sOne!”Ashinyblueplasticeggwasrestingagainstthebaseofthetree.Ilookedupatmymominexcitement.However,shewasstaringinthedirectionofanothermom,whosesonwaspullingcandyoutofanegg.Thetwomomswerelookingatoneanotherandthenat whatappearedtobethelastEasteregg.Ihadneverseenmyverypetite(娇小的)mombeforethatday.Shehadbeenbornwithweakknees,duetoanissuewithherlegs,andwhenshewasinelementaryschoolshehadwornspecialshoestocorrectafootproblem.注意：1.写作词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Astheirstaringwitheachothercontinued,ItookofftowardtheEasteregg.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Mymom,delightedathervictory,walkedbacktowardme.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Astheirstaringwitheachothercontinued,ItookofftowardtheEasteregg.Andthenmymomrushedpastme,runninginherEasterdresstowardthepalmtreeandtheshinyblueegg.“Go,Mom!”Ishouted.Theothermomalsodashedtowardtheshinyblueegg.Inonelastburstofspeed,mymotherreachedthetrunkofthetree,bentdown,andgrabbedtheegg.“Wow!Igotanegg!”Iscreamedinexcitement,jumpingupanddownincelebration.Mymom,delightedathervictory,walkedbacktowardme.Shehandedmetheshinblueegg.Ihelditupjoyfully,liketheotherkidshaddone.Ifeltmyselftheluckiestguyintheworld.IhaveforgottenwhatkindofcandywasinsidethatplasticeggandwhatIdidwiththateggafterourvacationended.ButIclearlyremembermymomrunningasfastasshecouldtowardthatshinyblueegg.AndIwillalwaysrememberthebigsmileonherfacewhichisareflectionofherlove.【解析】【导语】 本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了复活节时，作者参加了一场寻找复活彩蛋的比赛，但是作者找了好几棵树都没有找到一只彩蛋，随后妈妈发现一颗棕榈树底下有一个闪闪发光的蓝色鸡蛋。然而，这时有一位母亲也看到了这颗鸡蛋。接下来作者的母亲和这位母亲开始跑过去抢这颗彩蛋。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“当他们继续互相凝视时，我向复活节彩蛋走去。”和第二段首句“我的妈妈，为她的胜利感到高兴，向我走回来。”可知，第一段可描写妈妈和另外一个小男孩的妈妈一起跑过去抢这颗鸡蛋，最终妈妈拿到了。②由第二段首句内容“我的妈妈，为她的胜利感到高兴，向我走回来。”可知，第二段可描写作者很高兴妈妈能拿到这颗蛋，这体现了妈妈对作者的爱，作者至今都记得妈妈快速跑向这颗蛋的场景。2.续写线索：作者走向彩蛋——妈妈跑过作者，朝彩蛋跑去——为妈妈加油——另一个妈妈也朝彩蛋跑去——作者妈妈拿到彩蛋——作者高兴——感受3.词汇激活行为类①跑，冲：rush/dash②大喊：shout/scream③抓住：grab/catch情绪类①兴奋：excitement/thrill②高兴地：joyfully/happily【点睛】[高分句型1]IhaveforgottenwhatkindofcandywasinsidethatplasticeggandwhatIdidwiththateggafterourvacationended.（由连接词what引导的宾语从句作forgotten的宾语）[高分句型2]AndIwillalwaysrememberthebigsmileonherfacewhichisareflectionofherlove.（由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句）