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1、Lesson1THEPRACTICEANDTHORYOFLANDSCAPEARCHITECTUREThePracticeofLandscapeArchitectureOvertheyearsandespeciallysinceWorldWarⅡ,therealmoflandscapearchitecturehasdiversifiedandclassifieditsactivitiesinresponsetotheneedsofachangingworld.Therenowappeartobefourclearlydefinableandrelatedtypesofpractice.F
2、irst,thereislandscapeevaluationandplanning.Itisconcernedwiththesystematicstudyoflargeareasoflandandastrongecologicalandnaturalsciencebaseinadditiontoaconcernforvisualquality.Inadditiontothelandscapearchitect,theprocessusuallyinvolvesateamofspecialistssuchassoilscientists,geologists,andeconomists
3、.Theresultisalanduseplanorpolicyrecommendingthedistributionandtypeofdevelopment,forexample,housing,industry,agriculture,highwayalignment,andrecreationwithinaframeworkofresourceandamenityconservation.Inothercases,theplanningfunctionmaybelesscomprehensiveandfocusontheimpactontheenvironmentofsingle
4、majorproposals.Theidentificationoflandsuitableforonemajoruse,suchasrecreation,isanotherfunctionoflandscapeevaluationandplanning.Thesecondactivityoflandscapearchitectsissiteplanning.Thisrepresentsthemoreconventionalkindoflandscapearchitectureandwithinthisrealmlieslandscapedesign.Siteplanningisthe
5、processinwhichthecharacteristicsofthesiteandtherequirementsoftheprogramforitsusearebroughttogetherincreativesynthesis.Elementsandfacilitiesarelocatedonthelandinfunctionalandaestheticrelationshipsandinamannerfullyresponsivetoprogram,site,andregionalcontext.Third,thereisdetailedlandscapedesign.Thi
6、sistheprocessthroughwhichspecificqualityisgiventothediagrammaticspacesandareasofthesiteplan.Itinvolvestheselectionofcomponents,materials48andplantsandtheircombinationinthreedimensionsassolutionstolimitedandwell-definedproblemssuchasentrance,terrace,amphitheater,parkingarea,andsoon.Thefourthformo
7、flandscapearchitectureisurbandesign.Urbandesigndefiesprecisedefinition.Twothingsaresure,however,thesettingisthecityandseveralpropertiesareinvolved.Anagencyofgovernmentmayberesponsibleforassemblingtheparcelsandorganizingthepr
