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1、基于“3S”技术的名山县农村水源地水质健康风险评价研究摘要:饮用水水质与人类健康密不可分,不良的饮用水直接危害人类的健康。健康风险评价是以风险度为评价标准,定量描述饮用水水质对人体健康产生危害的方法。本文以EPA健康风险评价模型为基础,以饮用水水水质为研究对象,通过野外调查、水质采样、水质检测、健康风险计算和GIS专题地图制作等步骤,对名山县41个检测的饮用水中铜、铁、六价铬、硝酸盐和氟化物进行了检测和评价,结果表明:1.名山县41个检测点饮用水中,六价铬污染情况最严重,有97%的地点六价铬含量超标。硝酸盐污染情况其次,49%的地点
2、六价铬含量超标。铁污染程度一般,13%的地点超过了标准。氟化物污染程度较低,2%的氟化物含量超标。41个监测点中,铜含量全部符合标准要求。2.名山县的饮用水中,六价铬致癌风险的属于VI极高风险等级,铜非致癌健康危害等级为III级中风险,铁非致癌健康危害等级为II级中——低风险,六价铬非致癌健康危害等级为VI级极高风险,硝酸盐非致癌健康危害等级为IV级中——高风险,氟化物非致癌风险健康危害等级为IV级中——高风险。3.名山县东南地区铁、铜风险较高;名山县东部地区硝酸盐风险较高;名山县南部氟化物风险较高。关键词:名山县;水质;健康风险评
3、价;GIS;ThehealthriskassessmentforqualityofruraldrinkingwatersourceinMingshancountybasedon“3s”technologySpecialfield:AgriculturehydraulicengineeringName:FuChengweiTutor:NiFuquanAbstractdrinkingwaterqualityandhumanhealthareinseparable,poordrinkingwaterdirectlyharmfultohum
4、anhealth.Healthriskassessmentisaquantitativedescriptionforthedrinkingwaterqualityonhumanhealthbasedonriskdegreeevaluationcriteria.Inthispaper,basedonEPAhealthriskassessmentmodel,wedetectedandevaluatedhexavalentchromiumcopperironnitrateandfluorideindrinkingwaterat41dete
5、ctioninMingshanbyfieldsurveys,watersampling,waterqualitytesting,healthriskcalculationsandGISthematicmapproduction.Itturnedoutthat:1.InMingshan41testpointsindrinkingwater,hexavalentchromium,themostseriouspollution,97%ofthelocationsexceededthehexavalentchromiumcontent.Fo
6、llowedbynitratepollution,49%ofthelocationsexceededthehexavalentchromiumcontent.Generaldegreeinpollutionofiron,is13%morethanthestandardlocation.Low51leveloffluoridepollutionhasexceeded2%ofthefluoridecontent.41monitoringpoints,thecoppercontentinallstandardrequirements.2.
7、Mingshandrinkingwater,hexavalentchromiumiscarcinogenicrisksofVIrisklevel,coppernon-carcinogenichealthhazardratingofrisklevelIII,non-carcinogenichealthhazardIronIIlevelingrade-low-risk,non-carcinogenicchromiumVIlevelhealthhazardratingofhighrisk,non-carcinogenichealthris
8、ksofnitratelevelsintheIVclass-highrisk,fluorideandnon-cancerhealthhazardratingofrisklevelIVMedium-highrisk.3.Riskofir