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2018ChinaInternationalConferenceonElectricityDistributionTianjin,17-19Sep.2018DiscussiononVoltageSagSourceLocatingMethodinDistributionNetworkDUXIAOTONG1,SUNHAOTIAN1,YIHAO1,ZHUOFANG1,LUOSHANSHAN2,ZHANGJUN3,WANGXINXIANG4,LIYONGHENG41.Xi’anJiaotongUniversity,Shaanxi,Xi’an,7100492.JiangsuElectricPowerCompanyResearchInstitute,Jiangsu,Nanjing,2100003.StateGridJiangsuElectricPowerCooperation,Jiangsu,Nanjing,2100004.GoldenCooperateinformation&automationtechnologyCo.,Ltd,Nanjing,210000different.Therefore,thecollectedinformationhavedifferentAbstract—Thispaperanalyzesdifferentvoltagesagsourcelimits.Currently,therearetwomainstreammonitoringdeviceslocatingmethodsbasedondifferentmonitoringdevices,includingusedinChina'spowerdistributionnetwork.Oneisarelativelythemethodsforfaultsourcetracingbasedonpowerqualityexpensivepowerqualitymonitoringdevicethatcanmonitormonitoringdevice,andthefaultsourcelocatingmethodbasedonandrecordmultipleinformationincludingvoltageandcurrent,voltagesagmonitoringdevice.Thisanalysiswouldbeaguideforandtheotherisavoltagesagmonitorthatcanonlyrecordmonitoringdeviceallocation.Inparticular,aclearsummaryofthestepsofdifferentpositioningmethodsisperformed.Onthisbasis,instantaneousvoltageinformation.Basedonthis,faultlocationthenecessarygridnetworktopologyandsaginformationformethodsaredividedintofaultsourcetracingbasedoncurrentdifferentlocatingmethodsarefurtherelaborated.Atthesameandpowerinformation,andfaultsourcepositioningbasedontime,differentlocatingmethodsarecomparedintermsoffaultvoltageinformation.Knowingthemonitoringdevicerequiredtolerance,accuracy,andrapidity.Finally,prospectsoffuturebyeachmethodishelpfulforthemonitorallocationintheworkaregiven.distributionnetworkconstruction.IndexTerms—voltagesag,sourcelocation,monitoringdevice,reviewII.METHODSBASEDONPOWERQUALITYMONITORINGI.INTRODUCTIONDEVICEHEvoltagesageventisdefinedasthepowerqualityPowerqualitymonitoringdeviceprovidesvoltageandcurrentTproblemwhenrmsvalueoftheACvoltagedropsunder0.9information,thusbasedonthepowerpropagationlaw,it’sp.uandabove0.1P.Ulastingfrom0.5cycleto1minutes.possibletotracevoltagesagsourcelocation.Specifically,TheAmongthevariouscauseofvoltagesag,voltagesagcausedbyvoltageandcurrentofeachphasearemeasuredinrealtime.Whenvoltagesagsoccur,thevoltageandcurrentofeachphaselinefaultaccountsformorethan80%,anditiseasytospreadarerecordedsynchronouslyandthepowerofdisturbancecouldwidelyinpowergridthusaffectsensitivecustomers[1,2].Thebecalculated.voltagesagcausedbythefaultcanbedividedintofourtypes:AsshowninFig.1,assumingthedisturbancecurrentsourcesinglephasetogroundfault,doublephasetogroundfault,atthefaultlocation,accordingtothesuperpositionprincipleofphasetophasefaultandthreephasetogroundfault.Inordertothelinearcircuit,thepowerflowdirectionatthemonitoringassessandregulatevoltagesags,thefaultlocatingmethodplayspointsignifiestherelativepositionbetweenthemonitoringakeyrole.Sincevariousfaultsresultsincomplexvoltagesags.pointandthedisturbancesource.Therefore,basedonthepowerTheexistingmethodslocatefaultsaccordingtothemagnitude,qualitymonitoringdevice,thecurrentinformationandvoltagewaveform,andpositiveandnegativezerosequenceoftheinformationcanbeusedtojudgetheupstreamanddownstreamthree-phasevoltageandcurrentduringthesagcondition.positionoffaultsource.Indifferentregions,theinstalledmeasuringequipmentisManuscriptreceivedJuly15,2018.ThisworkwassupportedbyChinaUniversity,Xi’an,Shaanxi710049China.(phone:+86135-7258-7689;e-mail:PostdoctoralScienceFoundation2016T90919and2014M562411;Andalsodoxato@stu.xjtu.edu.cn).supportedbytheFundamentalResearchFundsfortheCentralUniversitiesSUNHaotianiswiththeElectricalEngineeringDepartment,Xi’anJiaotongxjj2018009University,Xi’an,Shaanxi710049,China.(e-mail:sunhaotian@stu.xjtu.edu.cn)DUXiaotongiswiththeElectricalEngineeringDepartment,Xi’anJiaotongYIHaoiswiththeElectricalEngineeringDepartment,Xi’anJiaotongUniversity,Xi’an,Shaanxi710049,China.(e-mail:yi_hao@xjtu.edu.cn)CICED2018PaperNo.201805280000200Page1/5322
12018ChinaInternationalConferenceonElectricityDistributionTianjin,17-19Sep.2018isupstream.Inpaper[8].TheinstantaneouspositivesequenceM1M2Zsource1Zline1Zsource2Zline2currentisusedtoavoidtheerrorscausedbytraditionalvectorutechnologyandtheresultsshowusingpositivesequencecurrentinsteadofphasecurrentcouldimprovethesolvingspeedandaccuracy,especiallyfornetworkequippedwithdistributedFigure1equivalentcircuitofdisturbancesourcesourceandactiveload.Fortheexistingmethods,thelocationofthevoltagesagThereisanotherkindoffaultlocationmethodwhichisbasedsourcecausedbythesymmetricalfaultandtheasymmetricalontherealpartofcurrent.Therealpartofcurrentisobtainedfaultindifferentnetworkstructurecanbeaccuratelylocated,butthiskindmethodhasthefollowinglimitations.bymultiplyingthemagnitudeofthecurrentIbypowerfactor(1)Thistypeofmethodcanonlylocatetherelativepositionofanglecosθ.[9]thesagsourcefromthemonitoringpointratherthantheexactIcosθ>0voltagesagsourceisdownstream{location.Icosθ<0voltagesagsourceisupstream(2)MostofthemethodsareonlyapplicableforthesagsourceC.MethodsBasedontheEquivalentImpedanceofthelocationintheradialnetwork,andtheaccuracyofthesagSystemsourcelocationinthedistributedgenerationnetworkispoor.Anycomplexgridisequivalenttotwo"activesingleport(3)Mostofthemethodsneedsexecutingcomplicatedmathematicaloperationonthebasisofvoltageandcurrentdata.network"attheinstallationpointofthemonitoringdevice.TheThefollowingdiscussionrelatestospecificmethods.faultisregardedasexternaldisturbance.TheinternalresistanceoftheactivesingleportnetworkiscalculatedbyvoltageandA.MethodsBasedonDisturbancePowerandDisturbancecurrentofthemonitoringpoints.Energy∆?????−???−???????−???Thismethodisbasedontheinstantaneouspowerchange.??==∆?????−???−???????−???Whenthedisturbancepowerflowispositive,thevoltagesagIftherealpartoftheinternalimpedanceispositive,thefaultsourceisintheupstreamofmonitorpoint;whenthedisturbancesourceisdownstream;iftherealpartoftheinternalimpedancepowerflowisnegative,thevoltagesagsourceisintheisnegative,thesourceofthevoltagesagisupstream[10].Thisdownstreamofmonitorpoint.Wecanalsousedisturbancemethodisoftheoreticalsignificance,highaccuracyandsuitableenergyintegratedthroughthedisturbancepowertodetermineforanynetworkstructure.thedirectionofthevoltagesagsource.Paper[11]usesmorecriteriasbesidesimpedancerealpartDP(?)=????−???(?)−???????−???(?)polarity.ThechangerateofimpedanceamplitudeandtheDE=∫??(?)??incrementofimpedanceanglearecomparedwithreasonablethreshold,andthusmoreaccuratefaultsourcelocationistraced.IftheDEandDPindexresultsdonotmatch,theaccuracyPaper[12]onthebasisofimpedancemethod,usingthelearningofthelocationresultwillbereduced[3].Thismethoddoesnotalgorithmformul-tivariabledataanalysis(LAMDA)needtojudgethetypeofsag,andhasstrongtheoreticalclassificationtechnologytoreducethemultipleresultsproblemsignificanceandbackground.Symmetricalcomponentmethodoffaultlocation.canbeusedforthree-phaseunbalancedsag.Inpaper[4],theBesidesthemethodsbasedonrealpartofresisatance,theredefinitionofdisturbancepowerisfurtheroptimizedastheisthemehodbasedonapparentimpedance.[13]Thismethodisinternalproductofthedisturbancevoltagevectorandthebasedondistancerelay.Ifthereisnodistancerelay.Thisdisturbancecurrentvector.Thesimulationresultsshowthatthemethodcannotbeappliedinthegrid.methodisapplicabletoanynetworkstructure,andthesuccessrateishigh.ThedefinitionofDPandDEcouldalsobeD.OtherMethodsoptimizedbyStransformationandWaveletanalysis[5,6]TheParkervectorcanbeusedtolocatethefaultsourceaccordingtotheshapeandsizeoftheellipse[14].ThefaultlineB.MethodsBasedonCurrentcanbelocatedbycalculatingthecorrespondingincrementalThevoltagesagisessentiallyduetotheinstantaneousimpedanceofdifferentfrequencycomponents[15].Inpaperincreaseofthecurrent,thereforeitispossibletotracesag[16],basedontheapparentimpedance,thecalculationvalueissourcebasedoncurrentvariation.Firstly,monitoringandcomparedwiththeinstanceindatabase,andtheonewiththerecordingthefaultphasecurrent.Secondly,carryingoutShighestphasesimilarityisthepickedasthefaultlocation.transformationorHHTtransformtoanalyzethecollectedcurrent[7].Whenthedisturbancecurrentispositive,thefaultsourceisdownstreamofthemonitoringpoint,otherwisethefaultsourceCICED2018PaperNo.201805280000200Page2/5323
22018ChinaInternationalConferenceonElectricityDistributionTianjin,17-19Sep.2018III.METHODSBASEDONVOLTAGESAGMONITORINGDEVICEwiththemeasuredvoltagesag.Amajorproblemofthismethodisthelargercomputationalburden.AndifthereisnoeffectiveThevoltagesagmonitoringdevicerecordinstantaneousscreeningmechanism,thelocationresultusuallycontainsallvoltagedata.Thisdeviceishigheconomicalandusuallynodesonafeeder.Suchmethodscontaintwoimportantsteps:installedonmorebusesinthegrid.Withmultiplemonitorsweestablishingfeatureinformationdatabaseandmatchingcanbetterlocatethesagsource.Insteadofjudgingtherelativemeasuredvoltagewithvoltageindatabase.Thefeaturelocationofsagsourcetothemonitorpoint,multi-monitorinformationcouldbevarioussuchassequencevoltageandmethodcouldlocatetothefaultlineeventhemoreprecisephasevoltage[18].Thematchingmethodscanbedividedintoposition.However,theexistingmulti-monitorbasedvoltagetwocategories:sagsourcelocationmethodalsohassomelimitations.(1)Thepossiblefaultlinesandfaultlocationsarescreened(1)Theaccuracyofthesagsourcelocationmethoddependsoutasthefaultlineset,andthenthefaultlinesandfaultonthenumberandallocationoftheinstalledmonitors.locationsarefinallydeterminedfromthefaultlocationset.This(2)Atpresent,mostmethodscanonlylocatethesagsourcekindofmethodreducesthesearchspaceandcanreducethetoalargeareasuchasaregiondividedbytransformerorabuscomputationburden.Thepossiblefaultlinescanbeselectedline.Seldommethodcouldlocatesagsourcetoaspecificthroughvariousmethod.Inpaper[18],faultlinesarescreenedlocation,forexample,locatethesagesourcetoafeederline.outbythemonitorobservationarea.(3)Theaccuracyofmostsagsourcelocationmethodsinthe(2)Orderingcandidatefaultlocationsaccordingtothetransmissionnetworkishigherthanthevoltagesagsourcesimilarity.Thelinewiththegreatestsimilarityisthefaultline.locationinthedistributionnetwork.(4)MostmethodsrequiredetailedsystemimpedanceandC.NodeImpedanceMethodothersystemdatainformation.ThismethodcalculatesthesagsourcelocationinthenetworkA.FittingMethodbasedonthenodeimpedancematrix.ThiskindofmethodgenerallyneedstojudgethetypeoffaultfirstandusetheThismethodisusuallyusedtolocatefaultonaspecificboundaryfaultequationfordifferentfaulttypes.Thismethodsegmentofaline.Basedonthefaultdistancefunction,faultisisaccurateinlocatingtheresult,butiseasilyaffectedbytheusuallylocatedthroughdifferentfittingmethodsuchastheleastmeasurementerrorofthemonitoringdevice.squaremethodandpatternrecognitionmethod.ThelocationPaper[19]considersthemonitoringerror,andusemultipleresultcanalsobeoptimizedbyintelligentalgorithm.possiblemonitoringvoltagesatthemonitoringpointobtainedSupposeafaultoccursatfonthelinei-jasshowninFigurebythejointprobabilitydistributionfunctioninsteadsingle2.Thedistancefromftotheendpointiisp(0≤p≤100%)andmonitoringvoltage.Eachpossiblemonitoringvoltageisthedistancetotheendpointjis1-p.Becausethevoltagesagbroughtintothefaultdistanceequationandfaultlocationisvalueisrelatedtothefaultdistanceandfaultresistance.Thecalculated.Becausethemeasurementerrorisdistributedvoltagesagamplitudeatthemonitoringpointisafunctionofaccordingtoacertainlaw,thelocationresultwoulddistributedthedistancepandfaultresistancer,denotedasV?=obeyingalaw.Thusthetraditionalfaultlocationproblemis?(?,?).Therefore,bysettingvirtualfaultpointsontheconvertedtothepeakvalueextractionproblem.extractedpossiblefaultylines,andusingthecorrespondingD.OtherMethodsmonitoringvoltages,itispossibletofittingthefunctionF,andthenfindingthefaultpositionwiththeactualmonitoredvoltage.Inpaper[20],themagnitudeofthethreephasevoltageisusedtocalculatethecurrentvectorthroughthethree-phasemimpedancematrix.BecausethecurrentvectorideallycontainsGridthenon-zerovaluewhichcorrespondtothefaultcurrentatthefaultpoint,itcanestimatethefaultbusinthedistributionfnetworkbythecompressivesensingalgorithmandthenormijminimizationmethod.ThemethoddoesnotrequireloadpZAB(1-p)ZABinformation,andisinsensitivetothefaultresistance,besides,Faultithasgoodnoiseimmunity.ThecomparisonofvariousvoltagesagsourcelocationFigure2Faultoccuredonlinei-jmethodsisshownintable1.Inpaper[17],theleastsquaremethodisusedtofittingtheDifferentlocationmethodsareanalyzedinaspectsofrequiredfunctionF,andthefunctionissolvedbyparticleswarmdata,resultscharacteristicsandtopologyapplicability.Fortheoptimization.methodsrequiringonlyvoltagesignalscouldusevoltagesagB.PatternSimilarityMatchingMethodsourcedevicetolocatesagsource.ThusthesemethodsarecostThismethodfirstassumesthefaultlocation,andcalculateseffective.Themethodswithhighqualityresultscouldbethevoltagesagaccordingtothefaultlocationandcomparesitconsideredasmethodswithbetterperformance.CICED2018PaperNo.201805280000200Page3/5324
32018ChinaInternationalConferenceonElectricityDistributionTianjin,17-19Sep.2018Table1ComparisonofdifferentmethodsDisturCurrentSystemFittingModenodalAnalyzedaspectsbanceequivalentmethodmatchimpedancePoweripedancemethodmatrixVoltagesignals(abc)Pre-faultdata√--√-√DatarequirementsDuring-faultdata√-√√√√Currentsignals(abc)Pre-faultdata√√----During-faultdata√√√---noiserestraint√√√---accuracy√√√√√Resultsrapidity√√-√--√preciselocalization---√√√radialtopologynetwork√√√√√√ringtopologynetwork√√√√√√TopologyapplicabilityNonlinearload-√√-√-Distributedgenerator-√√√√√IV.PROSPECTSOFFUTUREWORKV.CONCLUSIONThroughthereviewoftheabovevoltagesagsourcepositioningmethods,somewecandofutureresearchsfromAccuratefaultlocationisthebaseforanalyzing,evaluatingfollowingaspects.andcontrollingvoltagesag.Becausetherearedifferentmonitor(1)Mostlocationmethodscouldnotlocatefaultstothedeviceinthemarket,andthesedevicerecorddifferentdata,feeder.Howeveratypicaldistributiongridnetworkisknowingtherequireddataanddeviceforthelocationmethodscomposedofamountsoffeeders,thereforeitisnotenoughtodogoodtomonitorallocationingridnetworkconstruction.locatethefaultybus.Comparedtolocatethefaultybus,Thispapersummarizesexistingvariouslocatingmethodandlocatingthefaultyfeederisofgreatersignificancegivesprospectsoffutureworkintheend.Basedonthepower(2)Amongtheexistingvoltagesagsourcelocationmethods,qualitymonitoringdevice,currentinformationandvoltagefewofthemconsidersthedynamiccharacteristicsoftheload,informationcanbeusedtodeterminetheupstreamandwhichaffectstheaccuracyofsomeoftheabovemethod.Asthedownstreampositionofthesagsource.Basedonmultipledynamicloadismoreandmorecommoninthedistributiongrid,voltagesagmonitoringdevices,thepreciselocationonthefaultit’snecessarytoresearchontheinfluenceofdynamicload.linecanbefound.Thetravelingwavemethodisnotdiscussed(3)Inrecentyears,withmoreandmoredistributedinthispaper,becauseitneedstoinstallmoreexpensivegenereationconnectedtothepowergrid,thedistributedmeasuringdevicesinstalledonbothendsofthebusline,andgenerationcontrolstrategy,powersupplyandinstallationtheaccuracywilldropwhenthenetworkstructureiscomplex.locationwillhaveimpactonthevoltagesag[21].Sincefewresearchersworkonthisaspect,thererestalotofresearchestodo.REFERENCES(4)Theoretically,thecalculationofthesagsourcelocationhasarelationshipwiththecauseofvoltagesag.Thedisturbance[1]J.V.Milanović,R.Gnativ,K.W.M.Chow,“Theinfluenceofloadingconditionsandnetworktopologyonvoltagesags”[C].HarmonicsandQualitysourcedetectioncouldimprovetheaccuracyofthesourceofPower,2000.Proceedings.NinthInternationalConferenceon.IEEE,locationalgorithm.Therefore,thedisturbancesourcedetection2000:757-762vol.2.workshouldbeexecutedalongwithfaultlocationworkandthe[2]R.Gnativ,J.V.Milanovi.“Voltagesagpropagationinsystemswithdeterminationofthecauseofthedisturbance.embeddedgenerationandinductionmotors”[C].PowerEngineeringSocietySummerMeeting.IEEE,2001:474-479vol.1.(5)Ononehand,duetoeconomicconstraints,itisnot[3]R.C.Leborgne,R.Makaliki“Voltagesagsourcelocationatgridpossibletoinstallpowerqualitymonitoringonallbusandinterconnections:acasestudyintheZambiansystem”[C],PowerTech,feeders.Ontheotherhand,tocorrectlylocatethesagsourceinLausanne,Switzerland:2007.theentiregrid,sufficientmonitorinformationisrequired.The[4]T.Yi,W.Lei,Y.Qi,F.Yongli&C.Kui.“ADirectionFinderforVoltageSagSourceBasedontheDisturbancePowerDirection.”[J],ProceedingsoftheoptimalallocationofvariousmonitoringdevicewillbeanewCSEE,Vol.35No.9May5,2015importantdirectioninfutureresearch.CICED2018PaperNo.201805280000200Page4/5325
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