考研英语模拟268

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[模拟]考研英语模拟268多项选择Aroundtheworldyoungpeoplearespendingunbelievablesumsofmoneytolistentorockmusic.Forbesmagazineclaimsthat_1_leastfiftyrockstarshave_2_ofbetweentwomillionandsixmilliondollarsperyear.Thosewholoverockmusicare_3_spendabouttwobilliondollarsayearforrecords.Theypay110milliontoseerockstarsin_4_.Someobserversthinkthecustomersarebuyingmorethanmusic.Accordingtoone_5_,rockmusichasaspecial_6_becausenorealtrainingisneededtoproduceit.Thereisno_7_betweentheaudienceandtheperformer.Everyboyandgirlintheaudience_8—,“Icouldsinglikethatw_9_rockhasbecomeanewkindof_10_,anewformofworship.Youngpeoplearegladtopaytoworshiparockstarbecauseitisawayofworshipping_11_.Howdotherockstarsusetheirmoney?Whatdotheydowhenthemoneystarts_12_inlikewater?Mostoftheyoungstarsdon，tcareaboutmoneytothe_13_wheretheysimplythrowthemoney_14_.ManyrockstarslivelikeGraceSlickandtheJeffersonAirplane.Thoseperformersreturnfroma_15_,paytheirbills,andbuynewtoys.Thenwhentheyneedmoneyagain,theydo_16_tour.Theysavenomoney,buynostocks,andlivefrom_17_tomouth.Intheendtherockstar，slifeis_18_.Aftertwoorthreeyearsrichesandfamearegone.Leftwithhismemoriesandhistaxproblems,the_19_ex-performerspendshisremainingyearstryingtoimpressstrangers.Newstarshavearrivedtotakehis_20_.第1题：A.anumberofB.aminimumofC.alargeamountsofD.anequivalentof参考答案：B答案解析：[B]本题测试词组，aminimumof等于atleasto第2题：A.revenuesB.salariesC.wagesD.incomes参考答案：D答案解析：

1[D]本题考查选项四词在意思上有区别。[A]revenues尤指国家的税收；[B]salaries多指固定按月支付的薪水；[C]wages常指按周计算的工钱。故[D]incomes(收入)比其他三个选项更为合适。第3题：A.likelyB.easyC.probableD.pleasant参考答案：A答案解析：[A]本题考查词汇运用。只有belikelytodo是符合语法的。第4题：A.individualB.manC.personD.people参考答案：C答案解析：[C]本题测试英语惯用法。inperson为一固定短语，意为“亲自”。第5题：A.principleB.announcementC.theoryD.declaration参考答案：C答案解析：[c]上下文的意思，题空所需之词不可能指的是原理(principle)、通告(announcement)或声明(declaration),只有一词符合逻辑。第6题：A.needB.appealC.requestD.requirement参考答案：B答案解析：

2[8]appeal用在题空处最能表达句意，即：摇滚乐具有特殊的吸引力。其他三词用在此均不符合上下文逻辑。第7题：A.gulfB.bayC.straitD.channel参考答案：A答案解析：[A]gulf在表达“（两者之间）鸿沟”时，要与介词between搭配在一起。第8题：A.thoughtB.thinkC.thinksD.thinking参考答案：C答案解析：[C]从全文的时态上考虑，题空不能用过去时thought；thinking则不能在句中单独作谓语动词；而由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有eve:ry一词时，要用单数动词thinks,故think也是错的。第9题：A.ForB.ButC.NeverthelessD.So参考答案：D答案解析：[D]仅从上下文来分析，本句并不是为前文说明原因，也没有转折关系在内，所以[B]、[A]、[C]三项均错。第10题:A.mythB.religionC.mysteryD.culture参考答案：B答案解析：

3［B］摇滚乐是一种文化形式，不是新型文化，又因后面有worship,故选B。第11题：A.themselvesB.himselfC.herselfD.ourselves参考答案：A答案解析：［A］本题考查反身代词的用法。在选词时，需注意该词的指代对象。从上下文找不到与［B］、［C］、［D］三项产生照应关系的词语，而themselves显然是指句子主语Youngpeople,故为正确的答案。第12题：A.movingB.flyingC.pouringD.dancing参考答案：C答案解析：［C］不论从意思上还是从搭配关系上来分析，［A］、［B］、［D］三项都不是正确的。只有在填空处填上pouring一词才能确切地表达“财源滚滚而来”之意。第13题：A.pointB.placeC.positionD.location参考答案：A答案解析：［A］tothepointwhere是个固定结构，意为“到程度”。第14题：A.offB.aroundC.downD.out参考答案：B答案解析：［B］本题考查英语惯用法。throwone's(the)moneyaround为一习惯表达法,意为“乱花钱”。［A］、［C］、［D］三个选项虽然都能和动词throw搭配在一起构成短语动词，但意思则完全不同。

4第15题:A.journeyB.tripC.tourD.travel参考答案：c答案解析：［c］本题考查词汇在一定语境中的使用。tour一词有“巡回演出”的意思,用在此处最为合适，其他三个名词均无此含义，与上下文无直接联系。第16题:E.otherF.severalG.anotherH.few参考答案：C答案解析：［A］本题考查不定代词的用法。选项several和few两词后应接复数名词；other后虽可接单数名词，但前面必须有the,any,some,no,every或形容词性物主代词。所以，［A］、［B］、［D］均错，只有another一词才能直接与题空后单数名词tour连用。第17题:A.handB.mouthC.footD.arm参考答案：A答案解析：［A］本题测试英语惯用法。fromhandtomouth为一习惯表达法，意为“均用现挣现吃；仅够糊口；毫无积蓄”，常与动词live连用，题空所在句的大意为:他们为过着做一日吃一日的生活。frommouthtomouth(口口相传，广泛流传)虽然也是一种习惯表达法，但和live连用显然不合逻辑。第18题：A.pricelessB.valuableC.invaluableD.unrewarding参考答案：D答窠解析：[D]priceless,valuable和invaluable三词用来形容非常有价值的东西，用在题空与处上下文意思不符。第19题:A.individualB.single

5A.lonelyB.alone参考答案：C答案解析：[C]本题是考查形容词在意思和用法上的区别。individual意为“个人的，个别的"；single意为“单一的，独身的”，这两个词用在题空处不合上下文逻辑。alone意为“单独的”，只能用作表语，不能用作定语来修饰名词。所以lonely(孤独的)最为合适。第20题：A.postB.placeC.jobD.work参考答案：B答案解析：[8]本句的大意为:新歌星出现，取代了老歌星。Takesb's/sth'splace(theplaceof...)的意思就是“代替…”。多项选择Formorethantwodecades,America，spublicschoolshavebeenexpectedtocuresociety，sdiscontents.Inthemid-fifties,wedemandedthatourschoolscreateaharmonyamongracesthatexistednowhereelseinAmericanlife.Inthemid-sixties,whenouryoungwereengagedinarebellionthatseemedtothreatenvirtuallyeveryidealweembracedasanation,weinsistedthattheschoolsrestoresocialorderandpreservethestatusquo.Inthemid-seventies,weinstructedourschoolstogoonestepfurthertolookfirsttothewantsoftheindividual,tonurtureachild，sdiscoveryofself,whileatthesametimedistractinghimfromhisattemptstoreducehisschooltorubble.Clearly,thisprolongedandill-advisedefforttomaketheeducationsystemtheprincipaltoolforsocialchangehascontributedtosuchproblemsasthesharplyincreasedincidenceoffunctionalilliteracy.Torehabilitateourschools,wemustlooktothehardrealitiesofwhyoursystemofpubliceducationisnotworkingandlearnfromthem.Schoolsareaskedtodotoomuch.Racial,economic,andsexualinequalities,poorparentingmalnutritioncrime,andalengthylistofothersocialdisordersunquestionablyaffectanindividual，scapacitytoparticipateinsociety.Butwhileeducationcanenhancethestudents,abilitytocopewith,andtochange,theconditionsoflifearoundthem,itcannot,inandofitself,makethembetter.Inthrustingtheschoolstotheforefrontofsocialchange,wehavedivertedtheirenergiesfromtheirbasicpurpose-education.

6Theissueofacculturationofethnicminoritiesprovidesacaseinpoint.Greateremphasishasbeenplacedonbilingualeducationmthepublicschoolsasthenumberandvarietyofethnicminoritieshavegrowninthenation.WeareinsistingboththattheschoolsimprovethewaytheyteachEnglish,sothatlanguageisremovedasabarriertolearningandthattheyincreasethenumberofcoursestaughtinstudents，nativetongues,sothatthepaceoflearningbegunintheirhomelandscontinuesuninterrupted.TheconflictthatsuchdemandscreatecanbeseeninChicagowhereasaconditionof$90millioninaid,thefederalgovernmentextractedapledgethatthepublicschoolsofferbilingualcoursesin20languages,fromArabictoVietnamese.Whilewedonotyetknowwhataffectthestudyofmajorcoursesinanativelanguagehasonachild，sabilitytolearnEnglish,wemaybeallowedthesuspicionthatitwillproveascounterproductiveasitsounds,Inadditiontheburdentheseextracoursesplaceontheschoolsisobvious.Oncewestopaskingtheschoolstodotoomuch,theycangetonwithsolvingthemoreacuteproblemofperformingtheirbasictask一thatofeducation-moreeffectively.第21题:ThemainideatheauthorexpressinginthefirstparagraphisthatA.America，spublicschoolsshouldrestoresocialorderandpreservethestatusquowhentheyoungwereengagedinarebellion.B.America，spublicschoolswereinstructedtogoonestepfurthertolookfirsttothewantsoftheindividual.C・America'spublicschoolshadbeenexpectedtocuresociety，sdiscontents.D.AmericanpublicschoolwasdemandedtocreateaharmonyamongracesthatexistednowhereelseinAmericanlife.参考答案：C答案解析：文章大意：社会要求美国学校治愈社会的种种不满意现状，把教育制度变成社会变革的主要手段，这些使得学校偏离了教学这一基本目标，双语言教育加重了学校负担。作者希望学校回归本位。【口第一段是总分结构，第一句话概括了整段大意，而选项A,B,D分别是对C选项的补充说明。第22题：Theunderlinedphrase“statusquo”inparagraph1,Line5,refersto.A.situationorstateofaffairsasitisnow,orasitwasbeforearecentchangeB.possessionthatisthoughttoshowsomebody，shighsocialrank,wealth

7A.person，ssocial,legalorprofessionalpositionorrankinrelationtoothersB.figureofaperson,ananimal参考答案：A答案解析：[A]"statusquo”的中文意思是指现状或原来的状况，即选项A；选项B是astatussymbol”的英文解释;选项C是“status”的英文解释;选项D是“statue”的英文解释。第23题：Whatcausessuchproblemsasthesharplyincreasedincidenceoffunctionalilliteracy?A.Becausepublicschoolsstopdoingtoomuchwhicharenottheirbasictask.B.BecausetherearetoomanyethicalminoritystudentsintheUnitedStates.C.Becausepublicschoolprovidebilingualeducation.D.Becausepublicschooldiverttheirmostenergiesfromtheirbasicpurpose-education.参考答案：D答案解析：【D】选项A,B,C都不是主要原因，第二段提到教育制度变成了社会变革的主要手段，而这种持久且不明智的努力已引发了诸如半文盲剧增等一系列问题，第四段说学校的大部分精力从教育这一基本任务上转移到了别处。第24题：WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Publicschoolsareaskedtodealwithtoomanysocialproblemssuchasracial,economic,andsexualinequalities.B.WiththegrowthofnumberandvarietyofethnicminoritiesintheUSA,thepublicschoolsofferbilingualeducation.C.Thestudentsofethnicminoritiesaretaughtinnativetonguesinordertokeeptheiridentities.D.Oncethepublicschoolstopdoingtoomuch,theycanperformtheirbasicpurpose一educationmoreeffectively.参考答案：C答案解析：[C]选项A见第四段第一句；选项B见第五段第二句；选项D见最后一段；学校主张用学生自己的母语授课，不是为了让他们保留自己的身份，而是便于学生对他们在祖国开始的学习进度得以继续而不被打断。所以C是错的。第25题：ItissuspiciousthatthebilingualeducationwillproveasA.satisfactory

8A.counter-productiveC.beneficialD.harmful参考答案：B答案解析：[B]答案可在第六段最后一句中找到。Scientificresearchmaybedividedintotheexploratorytypewhichopensupnewterritory,anddevelopmentaltypewhichfollowsontheformer.Theexploratorytypeisfreeandadventurous；occasionallyitgivesusgreatandperhapsunexpecteddiscoveries；oritmaygiveusnoresultsatall.Developmentaltypeofresearchismoreoftencarriedonbytheverymethodicaltypeofscientistwhoiscontenttoconsolidatetheadvances,tosearchoverthenewlywoncountryformoremodestdiscoveries,andtoexploitfullythenewlygainedterritorybyputtingittouse.Thislattertypeofresearchissometimesspokenofas“pot-boiling“orasafetyfirst“research.“Borderline“researchisresearchcarriedoninafieldwheretwobranchesofsciencemeet.Thiscanbeveryproductiveinthehandsofascientistwithasufficientlywidetrainingbecausehecanbothuseandconnectupknowledgefromeachbranchofscience.Aquiteordinaryfact,principleortechniquefromonebranchofsciencemaybenovelandfruitfulwhenappliedintheotherbranch.Researchmaybedividedintodifferentlevelswhicharereachedsuccessivelyasabranchofscienceorasubjectbecomesmoreadvanced.Firstcomestheobservationaltypeofresearchcarriedoutbynaturalistsinthefieldorbyscientistswithsimilarmentalattributesinthelaboratory.Graduallythecrudephenomenaandmaterialsbecomerefinedtomoreprecisebutmorerestrictedlaboratoryprocedures,andtheseultimatelyarereducedtoexactphysicalandchemicalprocesses.Itisalmostapracticalimpossibilityforanyonetohaveaspecialistknowledgeofmorethanalimitedfieldatonelevel.Thenaturalhistoriantype,whoisnolessusefulthanhiscolleagues,owesmostofhissuccesstohispowersofobservationandnaturalwitandoftenlacksthedepthofbasicscientificknowledgenecessarytodevelophisfindingstothefull.Ontheotherhand,thespecialistinabasicsciencemaybetoofarremoved,mentallyandphysically,fromphenomenaoccurringinnaturetobetheequalofthenaturalhistoriantypeinstartingnewlinesofwork.(352words)1.exploratorytype探索型2.methodicaltype条理型3.phenomena［n.］现象4.owe［vi.］欠账［同义］havedebts,haveunpaidbills5.occurin发生在…［同义］happen,takeplace,comeabout

9［听力原文］参考译文科研可分成开拓新领域的探索型科研和紧随其后的发展型科研。探索型是自由的，充满冒险；有时它会带给我们巨大的或是意想不到的发现，有时会毫无结果。发展型研究一般由有条理的科学家进行，他们乐于巩固既得成果，希望在新近赢得的领域寻找更细微的发现，并将其投入使用，以充分利用这个新领域。这后一种研究有时被称为“煮开水”或“安全第一”的研究。边缘研究是对两个学科交叉地带的研究。对于拥训练有素的科学家而言，这种研究会成果丰硕，因为他们可以利用、并将两个领域的知识联系在一起。当一个科学分支的原理或技术应用到另一个分支时，结果可能很新奇、很丰硕，这已成为一个公认的事实。随着某一科学的分支或学科变得更先进，也可把研究分为几个层次、并依次完成。首先是观察型的研究，它可以由野外工作的博物学家或实验室中具有相似特质的科学家完成。然后这些原始现象和材料被逐渐提炼，变成精确的、但是更为严格的实验程序。这一切最终被简化为确切的的物理或化学程序。要让一个人掌握某个有限学科中一个以上层面的知识几乎是完全不可能的。那种博物学家类型的人，虽然他不比他的同事的作用更大，他的成功在很大程度上归功于他良好的观察力和自然天赋，但他往往缺乏有深度的、发展这些发现所必需的基础科学知识。另一方面，一门基础科学的专家也许在脑力及体力方面都远离自然界中所发生的现象，在这点上他不像博物学家类型的科学家那样具备开创新的研究方向的能力。第26题：TheexploratorytypeofresearchA.isessentiallyaprimarykindofpureresearch.B.maybringaboutimportantandevensurprisingdiscoveries.C.isusuallycarriedoutbyappliedscientists.D.issometimesthoughtofasasafetyfirst“research.参考答案：B答案解析：“Theexploratorytypeisfreeandadventurous；occasionallyitgivesusgreatandperhapsunexpecteddiscoveries；oritmaygiveusnoresultsatall."黑体部分提示了答案。第27题：“Borderline“researchA.isthecombinationofpureresearchandappliedresearch.B.isanintermediateresearchbetweentheexploratorytypeanddevelopmentaltype.C.notonlyopensupnewterritory,butalsoexploitsthenewlygainedterritoryfully.

10A.isakindofresearchconductedbyscientistsinafieldwheretwobranchesofsciencecomeacross.参考答案：D答案解析：“Borderline“researchisresearchcarriedoninafieldwheretwobranchesofsciencemeet.本句即为答案。第28题：Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheauthorbelieveswhichofthefollowingaboutdifferentlevelsofscientificresearch?A.Whenabranchofsciencebecomesmoreadvanced,itwillbecomemorerestrictedphysicalandchemicalresearch.B.Thescientistscarryingouttheobservationaltypeofresearchinthelaboratoryneverneedthementaltalentspossessedbynaturalists.C.Aresearchworkerusuallyhasaspecialistknowledgeonlyinalimitedfieldatonelevel.D.Theobservationaltypeofresearchcanonlybecarriedoutinthefieldbynaturalists.参考答案：C答案解析：第三段指出“Itisalmostapracticalimpossibilityforanyonetohaveaspecialistknowledgeofmorethanalimitedfieldatonelevel.”本句也就是说“Aresearchworkerusuallyhasaspecialistknowledgeonlyinalimitedfieldatonelevel.”第29题：Whichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningscientificresearchissuggestedinthetext?A.Thenaturalhistoriantypeislessusefulthanotherscientistsinscientificresearchbecausehelacksthedepthofbasicscientificknowledgenecessaryintheresearch.B.Aspecialistinabasicsciencecandoequallywellinobservingphenomenaoccurringinnature.C.Thesuccessofascientistinscientificresearchdependsonhispowersofobservationaswellashisnaturalintelligence.D.Scientificresearchmaybedividedinseveraldifferentways.Forexample,itcanbedividedintodifferentlevels,anditcanbedividedintotheexploratorytypeanddevelopmentaltype.参考答案：D答案解析：前两段把研究划分成了三类，即：explanatorytype,developmental

11type,“borderline“research；第三段aResearchmaybedividedintodifferentlevelwhicharereachedsuccessivelyasabranchofscienceorasubjectbecomesmoreadvancedM,这些都提示了答案。第30题：ThetextismainlyaboutA.theimportanceofscientificresearch.B.howtoconductscientificresearch.C.categorizingofscientificresearch.D.thedefinitionofascientificresearch,,.参考答案：C答案解析：本文主要介绍了scientificresearch的分类：exploratorytype及developmentaltype,还有介于其间的“Borderline”research。Research还可根据不同层次分为theobservationaltype、thenaturalhistoriantype等等。Mostpeoplewouldagreethat,althoughouragefarsurpassesallpreviousagesinknowledge,therehasbeennocorrelativeincreaseinwisdom.Butagreementceasesassoonasweattempttodefine“wisdom”andconsidermeansofpromotingit.Iwanttoaskfirstwhatwisdomis,andthenwhatcanwedonetoreachit.Thereare,Ithink,severalfactorsthatcontributetowisdom.OftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion；thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.Thishasbecomemoredifficultthanitusedtobeowingtotheextentandcomplexityofthespecializedknowledgerequiredofvariouskindsoftechnicians.Suppose,forexample,thatyouareengagedinresearchinscientificmedicine.Theworkisdifficultandislikelytoabsorbthewholeofyourintellectualenergy.Youhavenotimetoconsidertheeffectwhichyoudiscoveriesorinventionsmayhaveoutsidethefieldofmedicine.Yousucceed(letussay),asmodernmedicinehassucceeded,inenormouslyloweringtheinfantdeathrate,notonlyinEuropeandAmerica,butalsoinAsiaandAfrica.This,hastheentirelyunintendedresultofmakingthefoodsupplyinadequateandloweringthestandardoflifeinthemostpopulouspartsoftheworld.Totakeanevenmorespectacularexample,whichisineverybody，smindatthepresenttime:youstudythecompositionoftheatomfromadisinteresteddesireforknowledge.Andincidentallyplaceinthehandsofpowerfullunaticsthemeansofdestroyingthehumanrace.Insuchwaysthepursuitofknowledgemaybecomeharmfulunlessitiscombinedwithwisdom；andwisdominthesenseofcomprehensivevisionisnotnecessarilypresentinspecialistsinthepursuitofknowledge.Comprehensivenessalone,however,isnotenoughtoconstitutewisdom.Theremustbe,also,acertainawarenessoftheendsofhumanlife.Thismaybeillustratedbythestudyofhistory.Manyeminenthistorianshavedonemoreharmthangoodbecausetheyviewedfactsthroughthedistortingmediumoftheirownpassions.Hegelhadaphilosophyofhistorywhichdidnotsufferfromanylack

12ofcomprehensiveness.Sinceitstartedfromtheearliesttimesandcontinuedintoanindefinitefuture.ButthechieflessonofhistorywhichhesoughttoinculcatewasthatfromtheyearA.D.400downtohisowntimeGermanyhadbeenthemostimportantnationandthestandard-bearerofprogressintheworld.Perhapsonecouldstretchthecomprehensivenessthatconstituteswisdomtoincludenotonlyintellectbutalsofeeling.Itisbynomeansuncommontofindmenwhoseknowledgeiswidebutwhosefeelingsarenarrow.SuchmenlackwhatIamcallingwisdom.第31题：Accordingtotheauthor,severalfactorsmentionedinthetextthatcontributeto“wisdom”EXCPET.A.thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemB.agoodknowledgeofhistoryC.comprehensiveknowledgeaswellaswidefeelingD.thespecializedknowledge参考答案：B答案解析：文章大意：作者对智慧下了新的定义，指出智慧不仅包括知识上的全面，也包括情感上的宽容。［B］从文中第二段可找到答案,A,C,D都包含在智慧的范围里，而在文中没提到B项是智慧的一个因素。第32题：Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disinterested“meaninthesentence?A.unbiased,notinfluencedbypersonalfeelingorinterests8.notlikeC.unwilling,reluctantD.giveafalseappearance参考答案：A答案解析：[A]"disinterested"意为”公正不阿的,无偏见和私欲的"；“dislike”意为“不喜欢,反感”；“disinclined”意为“不情愿，勉强”;"disguised"意为“伪装，假扮”。第33题：Bysayingthat“wisdominthesenseofcomprehensivevisionisnotnecessarilypresentinspecialistsinthepursuitofknowledgen,theauthormeansthatA.everyspecialistinthepursuitofknowledgehasthewisdominthesenseofcomprehensive.B.noteveryspecialistinthepursuitofknowledgehasthewisdominthesenseofcomprehensive.C.nowspecialistswiththesenseofcomprehensivevisiondon，tpursuitwisdom.D.wisdominthesenseofcomprehensivevisionisakindofknowledge.

13参考答案：B答案解析：[B]原句意为“并不是每个求知的专家人士都具有把握全局的智慧”。选项A,C,D与原意不符。第34题：WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?A.Thesuccessofmodernmedicineincidentallyresultsinthefoodshortage.B.Somescientificresearchesmaybecomeharmfuliftheyareinthehandsofpowerfullunatics.C.It'sveryusualtofindmenwhoseknowledgeiswidebutwhosefeelingsarenarrow.D.Manyeminenthistorianshavedonemoreharmthangoodbecauseoflackofcomprehensiveness.参考答案：D答案解析：【D】A见第二段第七句，B见第二段第九句，C见第三段倒数第二句。许多历史学家带给人们的是坏处多于好处，因为他们是透过个人情感看待史事，不是缺少全面的知识。所以D错。第35题：Fromthepassage,itcanbeinferredthatHegelwasaA.historianB.philosopherC.poetD.writer参考答案：B答案解析：[B]可从最后一段第五行找到答案。黑格尔是德国的著名哲学家。TheerawhentheUnitedStatescould,asTeddyRooseveltadvised,walksoftlyandcarryabigstickislonggone.SoarethehalcyonpostwardayswhenAmericanbusinesshadsolittlecompetitioninworldmarketsthatitscompaniescouldfattenthemselvesalmostatleisure,likegrazingcattle.Andsoisthetimethen,withintheUnitedStates,awealthy,powerful,whiteelitecouldusethestateandfederalgovernmentstomanagethecountryforitsownprivatebenefit.Americanshavebeenstruggling,oftenawkwardly,toadapttothoserealitiesformorethantwentyyears.[1]Aswehaveseen,duringthe1990s,thetransformationtoaneworderwillatlastbegintotakehold.Bytheyear2000,theUnitedStateswillbeawealthierandmoretranquilnation.Itwillbemorepeacefulandlesscontentiouslargelybecausetechnologywillhavemadeitamoreaffluentandegalitariansociety.TheUnitedStateswillalsobeahappierplacebecauseitwillfinallyhaveadoptedrationalsolutionstosuchproblemsasdrugabuse

14andfallingeducationalstandards.Asthetumultuoustwentiethcenturyyieldstothetwenty-first,wewilllivebetterinalmosteveryway.Inarelativesense,theUnitedStatesmayalsobeamorepowerfulnationattheturnofcentury.Ifso,itwillhaveits.competitorstothank.Inthe1990s,andformanyyearstocome,itsgreatadversaries—Japan,inbusiness,andtheSovietUnion,inthesphereofdomesticaffairs-willhavenoalternativebuttofocustheirattentiononpressinginternalproblems.Totheextentthattheydoso,theywillcedetoAmericananopportunitytoprosperandtowieldgreaterinfluenceinworldaffairs.Totheextentthattheydonot,theywillsteepentheirowndecline,ultimatelygivingtheUnitedStatesevenmorefreedomfromcompetition.Buttheworld，sgrowingeconomicandpoliticalinterdependencewillmeanthatAmericamustdefineitsleadershiproledifferentlyincomingyears.Americanpoliticiansanddiplomatshavelongbeeninthehabitofleadingbydictate,restrainedonlybytheneedtocurryfavorwiththevotersathome.Thatpolicywillnolongerworkintheworldof2000.［2］Imperialleadershipwillhavetogivewaytocorporateleadership,subjecttothevetoofanactiveaboardofdirectorswoftheindustrializedpowers.Butleadershipbycontentisleadershipnonetheless.Americawillwielditthroughoutthefirsthalfofthetwenty-firstcentury,ifonlybecausenoothercountryenjoysthecombinationofwealth,power,andprestigerequiredtodo.(427words)1.halcyon［a.］太平幸福的［例］thehalcyondaysofyouth青春的好年华2.tranquil［a・］安静的［同义］calm,still,quiet,serene,placid3.egalitarian［a.］平等主义的4.tumultuous［a・］吵］闹的［同义］uproarious,riotous,turbulent5.prestige［n・］声望［听力原文］参考译文正如T.罗斯福所说，美国能够手拿大棒轻松踱步的日子已经逝去；战后美国企业在国际际市场上鲜有竞争、美国公司如同悠闲地吃草的牛那样养肥自己的太平盛世已经逝去；在美国国内，富有的、享有特权的白宫精英们凭借强大的国家和联邦政府来管理国家、为自己谋私利的日子也一去不复返了。美国人20年来都在苦苦挣扎以适应这种现实。像我们在20世纪90年代看到的那样，向新秩序的转型最终会开始为人们所接受。到2000年时，美国将更加富有、更加宁静。宁静而个是好争论，这是因为技术使其成为一个富有和遵循平等主义的社会。美国这片乐土将更加迷人，因为它对毒品滥用、教育质量下降等问题做出了理性的解决。当喧闹的20世纪逝去时，我们将生活在一切都更加美好的21世纪。

15相对而言，在世纪之交，美国可能还是较为强大的国家。如果真是这样的话，就该感谢它的对手了。在20世纪90年代以及此后的许多年里，它经济上的主要对手日本和国内事务的对手苏联将不得不关注一些紧要的国际问题。如果他们这样做了，他们将把繁荣和发挥更大国际影响力的机会让给美国；否则，他们将加速萧条，最终还是将更多的竞争自由拱手让与美国。但是不断增长的世界经济和政治的相互依赖性将会意味着在未来的数年中美国必须重新定义它的领导地位。美国政治家和外交家早已习惯了发号施令一只是在国内求宠、拉选票时才有所收敛。他们的政策不会适用于二十一世纪的世界。帝国主义的领袖地位将不得不让位于合作关系中的领袖地位，并可能被由工业大国组成的活跃的“董事会”所否决。然而只要知足，领袖还是领袖。只要没有其他国家同时具备财富、权利及声望这些领袖素质，美国在21世纪的整个前半世纪还会发挥领袖作用。第36题：Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.TheUnitedStateswillhavetocodeitsleadershiptootherindustrialcountriesinthe21stcentury.B.Theyear2000willseetheendofallthesocialproblemsintheU.S..C.TheAmericanbusinessprosperedthroughgrazingcattle.D.Theneworderinthe21stcenturywillonthewholebebeneficialtoalmosteveryaspectofAmericansociety.参考答案：D答案解析：本题是正误判断题，用排除法。在第二段最后一句中作者指出wewilllivebetterinalmosteveryway。第37题：Whatkindoferaistheoneinwhich“theunitedstatescouldwalksoftlyandcarryabigstick”?A.Thaterareferstothetimewhentheunitedstateswasanisolatedplace.B.ItpointsbacktothepioneeringdaysinAmericanhistory.C.Itreferstothetimewheneveryonebehavedlikeagentleman.D.ItisanerawhenlifeintheUnitedStatesmovedataleisurelypace.参考答案：D答案解析：本题是推断判断题。并未点明这究竟是什么样的一个era,但根据第一段上下文,可知是一段悠闲的时光。第38题：WhenwillthedeclineofJapanandtheSovietUnionbequickened?A.WhentheygiveU.S.theopportunitytoprosper.B.Whentheyconcentrateonsolvinginternalproblems.C.Whentheyleaveinternalproblemunsolved.D.WhentheygivetheU.S.morefreedomfromcompetition.

16参考答案：C答案解析：本题是细节题，见第三段Totheextentthattheydonot...一句，其中donot指的是donotfocustheirattentiononpressinginternalproblemso第39题：The“boardofdirectors“inthelastparagraphreferstoA.anorganizationcomposedofpoliticiansanddiplomats.B.otherimportantimdustrialcountriesontheworldstage.C.anorganizationmadeupofvotersathome.D.acommitteefromtheU.N.,isacounterpartoftheimperialleadershipthattheU.S.standsfor.参考答案：B答案解析：本题是词义判断题，句中boardofdirectors和其后的industrializedpowers为并列关系。第40题：TheauthorwritesthisarticletoA.comparethepastandthefutureoftheU.S..B.analyzethefactorsthatdeterminetheU.S.adaptationtothechangingworld.C.explainthenewpoliticaltreadsintheU.S..D.picturetheU.S.inthe21stcentury.参考答案：D答案解析：本题是主旨题，全文旨在展望21世纪的美国。选择

17第41题：withtheregulationsinthisAllforeignvisitorsarerequestedtoarea.A.agreeB.complyC.consentD.conform参考答案：B答案解析：［注释］complywith（=actinaccordancewithademand,order,rule,etc.）遵守：Peoplewhorefusetocomplywiththelawwillbepunished.（拒绝遵守法律者将受到惩处。）conform（to）使一致，符合；conformtorules符合规则；conformtothecustomsofsociety（遵从社会习俗）；consentto同意，赞同：consenttoaplan（赞同计划）0第42题：ThomasEdisonconsideredgeniustobeonepercentinspirationandninety-ninepercentperspiration.A.composedofB.constitutedinC.consistedofD.comprisedin参考答案：A答案解析：［注释］becomposedof由组成。consistof由组成，是不及物动词，不能用被动语态，故不合题意。第43题：AlthoughLucywasslimming,shefoundcreamcakesquite.A.irregularB.inevitableC.incredibleD.irresistible参考答案：D答案解析：［注释］irresistible不可抗拒的,诱人的,迷人的：1）1hadanirresistibledesiretorunaway.2）Ican，trefusethisoffer；itisirresistible,irregular不规律的；不合规则的：l）Thetrainsfromhereare

18irregular.（这里发的火车是不规律的。）2）Theseproceduresarehighlyirregular.（这些程序是非常不合规矩的。）incredible难以置信的，不可信的：1）Oldsuperstitionsareincredibletoeducatedpeople.（旧的迷信对受过教育的人来说是不可信的。）2）Hisstoryofrescuingsixdrowningmenisincredible.（他说他救了6个溺水者，这是难以置信的。）inevitable不可避免的:1）Trafficdelaysareinevitableataholidayweekend.（假日周末交通耽搁是难免的。）2）Painisinevitablewhenonebreaksabone.（骨折时疼痛是难免的。）本题译文：虽然露西正在减轻体重，但她觉得奶油蛋糕是诱人的。第44题：Inordertotherisingproductioncosts,thesubscriptionrateshavebeenincreased.A.adduptoB.lookuptoC.cutshortD.keepupwith参考答案：D答案解析：［注释］keepupwith跟上。lookupto(=admire,respect)赞美，尊敬：Welookuptotheoldworkerasourteacher.(我们把这位老工人尊为我们的老师。)本题中rates意为“价格，费用”。本题译文：为了跟上生产成本的上升，预订费已提高。第45题:Youressayisquitegood:justitwithafewillustrationsandquotations.A.put...upB.touch...upC.cut...outD.write...off参考答案：B答案解析：［注释］touchup(=improveorperfectbysmalladditionalstrokesoralterations)润色，修饰：l)Thelastpartofthearticleneedstobetouchedup.(这篇文章的最后一部分需要润色。)2)Hetouchedupthepicturebystrengtheninghighlightsandshadows.(他把画修饰了一下,使光明部分和阴暗部分的对比度更鲜明。)putup留宿；cutout删掉；writeoff报废，勾销。本题译文：你的文章很好；只要用些例证和引语润色一下。

19第46题：Ihopemyteacherwilltakemyrecentillnessintowhenjudgingmyexamination.A.regardB.accountC.thoughtD.observation参考答案：B答案解析：［注释］takesth.intoaccount(=consider)考虑到：Wemusttakelocalconditionsintoaccount.第47题：Therearethreebasicwaysoflanguagetowriting,andallknowngraphicsystemsuseoneoracombinationofthese.A.committingB.attachingC.comparingD.relating参考答案：A答案解析：［注释］commit.・.to托付，交付：l）Hewascommittedtothecareofhisaunt.（他被托付给他的姨妈照管。）2）Ihavealreadycommittedtherulestomemory.（我早已记住这些规则了。）commitsth.towriting（把写下来）。第48题：TheguidetookusroundtheBotanicalGardenandtoldusthatroseswerequiteflowersinAustraliangardens.A.ordinaryB.commonC.usualD.general参考答案：B答案解析：［注释］common（二usualandordinary；happeningorfoundoftenandinmanyplaces）普通的；常见的；常常发生的；到处可见的：acommonexperience（普通的经历）；acommontree（常见的树木）。ThisbirdiscommonthroughoutEurope.（这种鸟在欧洲很常见。）Theycantreatmostofthecommondiseases.（他们能治疗大多数常见病。）usual（=done,found,usedorexistingmostofthetime）经常的，通常的，惯例的，习以为常的；强调时间习惯方面,例如：Thisistheusualstateofthehouse.（这房子里平常就是这种样子。）ordinary正常的，普通的，平常的:anordinaryday（平凡的一天），ordinarypeople（普通人），apieceofordinarydancemusic（一首普通的舞曲）。general普遍的。它与common

20比较，语气稍强，含有很少例外的意味。可见，本题中用common是最佳选择。第49题：Americanwomenweretherighttovoteuntil1920aftermanyyearsofhardstruggle.A.ignoredB.refusedC.neglectedD.denied参考答案：D答案解析：［注释］deny1）否认：①Hedidn，tdenythefacts.②Theycouldn，tdenythatitwasaseriousblowtothem.（3）Hedeniedhavingeverbeenthere.（他否认曾到过那里。）2）（=say'no'toarequest；refusetogivesth.askedfororneeded）不给予：Lotsofpeopleweredeniedtherighttovote.（许多人被剥夺了选举权。）Hedenieshiswifenothing.（他对他妻子有求必应。）第50题：FranklinD.RooseveltarguedthatthedepressionfromtheAmericaneconomy，sunderlyingflaws.A.derivedB.discernedC.stemmedD.distinguished参考答案：C答案解析：［注释］stemfrom（=arisefrom）来自，起源于：Hisbacktroublestemmedfromanoldwarinjury.（他背上的毛病起源于一次旧的枪伤。）derive...from从得至!J：Hederivesmuchpleasurefromhisbooks,discern...from把与分辨开：Wemustdiscernrightfromwrong,distinguish...from与相区另lj：Hisredhairdistinguisheshimfromhisbrother.

21第51题：Wecan'tonetochangethehabitsofalifetimeinashorttime.A.hopeA.waitC.expectD.imagine参考答案：C答案解析：［注释］expect期望，盼望，表示认为有很大的客观可能性，例如：IexpecttheworktobefinishedbyFriday.（我期望这项工作能在星期五前做完。）waitfor...to.dosth.等待、等候……做……,强调“等”这一动作的本身，如：Theaudiencearewaitingeagerlyfortheperformancetobegin.（观众正等着演出开始。）本题如改为这样：Iwaitedforhimtoarriveintimefordinner,buthedidn，tcome.（我等他来赶上晚餐，但他没有来。）,则句子是对的。由此可见,expect是表示“期待”,而waitfor是表示“等待”，词义完全不同。注意：hope后不能接sb.todosth.oimagine后也不能接sb.todosth.,但可接名词或动名词，如：l）Canyouimaginethelifeonthemoon?2）Trytoimaginebeingonthemoon.3）I'msorry,butIcan，timagineanyonedoingresearchlikethat.（很遗憾，我不能想像人家那样做实验。）本题译文：我们不能期望一个人在这样短的时间内改变一辈子养成的习惯。第52题：thefactorybuildingasthecompanywasdoingmoreItwasnecessarytoandmorebusiness.A.extendB.increaseC.lengthenD.magnify参考答案：A答案解析：［注释］本题中extend意为“扩大lengthen拉长，延长。magnify放大。spread［vi.］传播；［vt.］展开：Hespreadbutteronthetoast.（他在烤面包上涂上奶油。）第53题:Iaskedthetailortomakeasmalltomytrousersbecausetheywere

22toolong.A.changeB.variationC.revisionD.alteration参考答案：D答案解析：［注释］alteration修改，更改，尤指部分的改变。change改变，变化，可指表面的、本质的、内在的变化。revision修订，修正，常指文章、词典、剧本等的修改、订正。variation（形式、位置、条件的）变化、改变、变动Weneedsomevariationinourdailyroutine.（我们的例行公事需要作些变动。）第54题：BecauseofthestrongsunMrs.William，snewdiningroomcurtainsfromdarkbluetogreywithinayear.A.fadedB.faintedC.paledD.diminished参考答案：A答案解析：［注释］fade［vt./vi.］褪色。faint晕倒，变得虚弱：Hefaintedfromhunger,diminish［vt./Vi・］减少:l)Hisillnessdiminishedhisstrength.2)Thecampers，foodsupplydiminishedasthedaysworeon.(随着日子的缓缓消逝，野营者的食品供应日益减少。)pale变苍白。第55题：Jackisgood,kind,hard-workingandintelligent.,Ican，tspeaktoohighlyofhim.A.AsaresultB.BythewayC.OnthewholeD.Inaword参考答案：D答案解析：［注释］inaword(=inshort)总之，简言之。cannot...too...再也不过分。本题是测试“过渡词”，

23考生务必根据上下文的逻辑关系来选择适当的过渡词，使句子的意思前后连贯。第56题：Evidenceobtainedfromobservationandexperimentisoftenusedtoascientifictheory.A.confirmB.confineC.conformD.conceive参考答案：A答案解析：［注释］confirm（二support；makecertain；giveproofof）证实，确认：l）Pleaseconfirmyourtelephonemessageinwriting.（请把你电话中所说的话再用文字复述1遍。）2）ThekingconfirmedthattheelectionwouldbeonJune20th.（国王确认，这次选举将于六月二十日举行。）confine...to把限制于：Pleaseconfineyourremarkstothesubjectwearetalkingabout.（请把你的话限制于我们正在谈论的题目。）conform（to）使一致，符合，遵守。conceive1）想出,想到：Heveryquicklyconceivedanewplan.注意：conceiveof想像：Theycouldnotconceiveofthepossibilityoffailure.（他们不能想像失败的可能。）第57题：Politicalpartiesoftendifferintheirviewsonvariousconcerningtheirowncountries.A.waysB.measuresC.issuesD.patterns参考答案：c答案解析：［注释］issue此处意为“重大问题”。measure措施，虽然填入本题也说得过去，但不够贴切。pattern模式，式样，图案，图样。way方法，方式。均与题意不符，不能入选。

24第58题：」isknowledgeofthemountainouscountry,JohnSmithwasappointedasourguide.A.InspiteofB.OnaccountofC.RegardlessofD.Insteadof参考答案：B答案解析：［注释］onaccountof(=becauseof)由于，因为。regardlessof(=withoutworryingabout)不顾：Regardlessofdanger,heclimbedthetower.第59题:Thelawyerwasexpectedtosomeproposalsafterreadingallthosedocuments

25A.comeupwithB.putupwithC.lookuptoD.keepupwith参考答案：A答案解析：[注释]comeupwith提出。参阅第IV章come词条。putupwith忍受；keepupwith跟上,与保持一致；lookupto尊敬。第60题：habitofstoppingtogiveherlongandWhiletyping,Helenhasaflowinghairasmooth.A.occasionallyB.simultaneouslyC.eventuallyD.directly参考答案：A答案解析：［注释］occasionally偶尔。simultaneously同时地；directly直接地;eventually最终。多项填空(1)[TheancientGreektheorists,puzzledbythestrangenessoftraditionstakenfromapreliteratepast,attemptedtoexplaintheirownmythsbyassimilatingthemto“correct“modelsofrealityascreatedbyphilosophy.]Theysawinmythallegoriesforphilosophicdescriptionsofthewaythephysicalandmetaphysicalworldreallyisor,inEuhemerism,asasourceforhistoricalreconstructionofthehumanpast.Latermethodshaveworkedmuchthesameway,adaptingmythstonewmodelsofrealityastheyemergedfromChristiantomoderntimes.Weneedtobeawarethatthescientificmodel,whichhasincreasinglydominatedthoughtsincetheEnlightenment,andespeciallysincethenineteenth-century,isonlythelatestinalonglineofsuchmodels.Althoughthenineteenth-centurytheoryofmythasa“diseaseoflanguage“centeringonnaturalphenomenawasencouragedbyscientificlinguistics,itisremarkablysimilartotheinterpretationproposedbyPalaephatusin300BC.(2)[Modernpsychologicaltheories,especiallythoseofJung,offermodelsthatinimportantwaysrepeatandrefineanapproachusedbymuchearlierinterpreterswhosoughtinmythallegoriesofspiritualandpsychologicaltruths.]Thestrengthofscienceliesindefiningideaspreciselyandtreating

26themwithinstrictlycontrolledguidelines.(3)[Thepowerofhumanisticstudies,ontheotherhand,liesintheirconcernwiththecapacityofhumans,assymbol-makingbeing,tocreatealternativeworld.]Mythisonesuchalternativeworld,andtheinterpretationofmythisanother；eachisanexpressionofthesamehumancapacity.Historically,theinterpretationofmythisfullyasimportantasmythitselfandinfactoccursonafargranderscale.(4)[Theinterchangeableuseofthewordsmyth(thestoryitself)andmythology(reflectiononmyth)inEnglishusageunintentionallypointstothiscrucialrelationship,afactrecognizedbystructuralistswhentheysuggestthatinterpretationsofmythsare,inasense,onlytheadditionofnewmythstoold.]Ifmythembodiesthetensions,values,andintellectualcurrentsofthesocietythatproducesit,mythinterpretationembodiesthosecurrentsnolessthanfaithfully.Asketchofthehistoryofmythinterpretationturnsouttobeasketchofthehistoryofideas.Inthehistoryofmythinterpretationwecanwatchandstudyever-changingintellectualfashionsinrelationtoanunchangingbodyofmaterial.Thegrandtheorizersaboutmythliketopickoutthisorthatstory,thisorthatfigure,makeimpressiveobservations,andthenspeakasiftheirconclusionswereapplicabletoallmythsfromalltimesandallplaces.(5)[Butmythsaresodifferentfromoneanotherthatanyuniversaldefinitionisboundtobearbitraryandtoservethetheoreticalinterestsofthedefiner；thehistoryoftheinterpretationofmythrichlydemonstratesthisfact.][注释]mythology神话学Jung荣格allegory寓言第61题：TheancientGreektheorists,puzzledbythestrangenessoftraditionstakenfromapreliteratepast,attemptedtoexplaintheirownmythsbyassimilatingthemto“correct“modelsofrealityascreatedbyphilosophy?参考答案:由于受史前遗留传统的奇特性所困扰，古希腊理论学家试图将希腊神话吸收到那些由哲学所创建的所谓“正确”的模型中来解释它们。详细解答：第62题：Modernpsychologicaltheories,especiallythoseofJung,offermodelsthatin

27importantwaysrepeatandrefineanapproachusedbymuchearlierinterpreterswhosoughtinmythallegoriesofspiritualandpsychologicaltruths?参考答案：早期诠释者试图在神话中寻求精神、心理真理的寓言。现代的心理学理论，特别是荣格的心理学理论，在很多重要的方面为再现、改进早期诠释者所采用的方法提供了模型。详细解答：第63题:Thepowerofhumanisticstudies,ontheotherhand,liesintheirconcernwiththecapacityofhumans,assymbol-makingbeing,tocreatealternativeworld?参考答案：另一方面，人文研究的力量在于其关注作为符号制造者的人类创造不同世界的能力。详细解答：第64题：Theinterchangeableuseofthewordsmyth(thestoryitself)andmythology(reflectiononmyth)inEnglishusageunintentionallypointstothiscrucialrelationship,afactrecognizedbystructuralistswhentheysuggestthatinterpretationsofmythsare,i?参考答案：在英语里，神话(故事本身)和神话学(对神话的反思)这两个词的互换使用无意中指出了这一重要关系，一个被结构主义者认定的事实，即对神话的解释一定程度上只是为旧神话增加了新的内容。详细解答:第65题:Butmythsaresodifferentfromoneanotherthatanyuniversaldefinitionisboundtobearbitraryandtoservethetheoreticalinterestsofthedefiner；thehistoryoftheinterpretationofmythrichlydemonstratesthisfact?参考答案：但是不同神话之间区别如此之大，以至于任何通用的定义都显得武断而只是服务于定义者的理论；神话诠释的历史充分说明了这一事实。详细解答：

28作文Writeanessayaccordingtothefollowingsituationwithin40minutesandwithnolessthan180words.Situation：Somepeoplethinkthatitisthefamilythatinfluencesyoungadultsmost.Otherpeoplethinkitisthefriendthatinfluencesyoungmenmost.Whichdoyouagree?Usespecificexamplestosupportyourpointofview.第66题：WhoInfluenceYoungAdultsMostAmongcountlessfactorswhichinfluenceaperson，sgrowth,therearetwoobviousfactors：thefamilyandfriends.Afteroneisborn,thefirstsurroundingisthefamilyinwhichhewillgrowup.Parentsarechildren，sfirstteachers,sofamilydoesplayanimportantroleinshapingchildren，scharacterandthosewhogrowupingoodfamiliestendtohavemanypleasantcharacters.Ifwesaythatfamiliesoffertheenvironmentofliving,friendsmakeanotherimportantpartinshapingchildren，spersonality.Friendsaretheconnectionsbetweenchildrenandthesociety.Bycontactingwithfriendsonecangetintothesocietyandbecomesociable.Inaword,familiesofferchildrenwarmth,careandashelterfromdanger.Friendsgivethemstrengthandcourage.Theybothhelpchildrenunderstandtheworldasitis.Theyarethedearestpartsinone，slife.范文示例：WhoInfluenceYoungAdultsMostAmongcountlessfactorswhichinfluenceaperson，sgrowth,therearetwoobviousfactors：thefamilyandfriends.Afteroneisborn,thefirstsurroundingisthefamilyinwhichhewillgrowup.Parentsarechildren，sfirstteachers,sofamilydoesplayanimportantroleinshapingchildren，scharacterandthosewhogrowupingoodfamiliestendtohavemanypleasantcharacters.Ifwesaythatfamiliesoffertheenvironmentofliving,friendsmakeanotherimportantpartinshapingchildren，spersonality.Friendsaretheconnectionsbetweenchildrenandthesociety.Bycontactingwithfriendsonecangetintothesocietyandbecomesociable.Inaword,familiesofferchildrenwarmth,careandashelterfromdanger.Friendsgivethemstrengthandcourage.Theybothhelpchildrenunderstandtheworldasitis.Theyarethedearestpartsinone，slife.