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英语写作常见错误分析一．不一致(Disagreements)所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致时态不一致及代词不一致等．例1.Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么．)剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has伺理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致.改为：Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhathewants(todo)二.修饰语错位(MisplacedModifiers)英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解.例1.IbelieveIcandoitwellandIwillbetterknowtheworldoutsidethecampus.剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末.三.句子不完整(SentenceFragment)s在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生.例1.Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.ForexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.剖析：本句后半部分＂forexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon”.不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句.改为：Therearemanywaystoknowsociety,forexample,byTV,radio,andnewspaper.四.悬垂修饰语(DanglingModifiers)所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例如：Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.这句中"attheageoften只点出十岁时，但没有说明”谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是mygrandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了.改为：WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied.7/12
1例1.Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.剖析：句中不定式短语“todowellincollege”的逻辑主语不清楚．改为：Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.二.词性误用(MisuseofPartsofSpeech)“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等.例1.Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmoney.剖析：negative系形容词，误作动词。改为：Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney.三.指代不清(AmbiguousReferenceofPronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。)读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedmysistertobeherbridesmaid.例1.Andwecanalsoknowthesocietybyservingityourself.剖析：句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：Wecanalsoknowsocietybyservingitourselves.四.不间断句子(Run-onSentences)什么叫run-onsentenee请看下面的例句。例1.Therearemanywayswegettoknowtheoutsideworld.剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“Therearemanyways”以及“Wegettoknowtheoutsideworld.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为：Therearemanywaysforustolearnabouttheoutsideworld或:Therearemanywaysthroughwhichwecanbecomeacquaintedwiththeoutsideworld五.措词毛病(TroublesinDiction)Diction是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。例1.Theincreasinguseofchemicalobstaclesinagriculturealsomakespollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substanee“物质”了。另外“theincreasinguse不(断增加的使用)”应改为“abusiveuse滥(用)”改为：7/12
2Theabusiveuseofchemicalsubstancesinagriculturealsocauses/leadstopollution.九．累赘(Redundancy)言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：Inspiteofthefactthatheislazy,Ilikehim.本句的“thefactthatheislazy"系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：Inspiteofhislaziness,Ilikehim.例1.Forthepeoplewhoarediligentandkind,moneyisjustthethingtobeusedtobuythethingtheyneed.剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。改为：Diligent,caringpeopleusemoneyonlytobuywhattheyneed.十.不连贯(Incoherence)不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。例1.Thefreshwater,itisthemostimportantthingsoftheearth.剖析：Thefreshwater与逗号后的it不连贯。It与things在数方面不一致。改为：Freshwateristhemostimportantthingintheworld.十一.综合性语言错误(ComprehensiveMisusage)所谓“综合性语言错误"，是指除了上述十种错误以外，还有诸如时态，语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错误。例1.Today,Moneytoeverybodyisveryimportance,ou'rseat,cloth,live,goetc.7/12
3作文开头部分1-1对立法:先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,适用于有争议性的主题.例如(e.g)[1].Whenaskedabout,thevast/overwhelmingmajorityofpeoplesaythatButIthink/viewabitdifferently.[2].Whenitcomesto,somepeoplebelievethatOthersargue/claimthattheopposite/reverseistrue.Thereisprobablysometruthinbotharguments/statements,but(Itendtotheprofer/latter...)[3].Now,itiscommonly/generally/widelybelieved/held/acknowledgedthatTheyclaim/believe/arguethat...ButIwonder/doubtwhether1-2现象法引出要剖析的现象或者问题,然后评论.e.g[1].Recentlytheriseinproblemof/(phenomenonof)...hascaused/arousedpublic/popular/wide/worldwideconcern.[2].Recentlytheissueoftheproblemof/thephenomenonof...hasbeenbroughtintofocus.(hasbeenbraughttopublicattention)[3].Inflation/Corruption/Socialinequality...isyetanotherofthenewandbittertruthwehavetolearntofacenow/constantly.1-3观点法开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.e.g:[1].Neverhistoryhasthechangeof..beenasevidentas...Nowhereintheworld/Chinahastheissue/ideaof..beenmorevisible/popularthan...[2].Nowpeopleingrowing/significantnumbersarebeginning/comingtorealize/accept/(beaware)that...7/12
4[3].Nowthereisagrowingawareness/recognitionofthenecessitytoNowpeoplebecomeincreasinglyaware/consciousoftheimportanceof[1].Perhapsitistimetohaveafreshlookattheattitude/ideathat1-4引用法先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法,来引出文章要展开论述的观点!e.g:[1]."Knowledgeispower."suchistheremarkmadebyBacon.Thisremarkhasbeensharedbymoreandmorepeople."Educationisnotcompletewithgraduation."SuchistheopinionofagreatAmericanphilosopher.Nowmoreandmorepeoplesharehisopinion.[2].""Howoftenwehearsuchstatements/wordsliketheses/this.Inourowndaysweareusedtohearingsuchtraditionalcomplainsasthis"".1-5比较法通过对过去,现在两种不同的倾向,观点的比较,引出文章要讨论的观点.e.g:[1].Foryears,...hadbeenviewedas...Butpeoplearetakingafreshlooknow.Withthegrowing...,people.[2].Peopleusedtothinkthat...(Inthepast,)Butpeoplenowsharethisnew.1-6故事法先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣,引出文章的主题.e.g:[1].Oncein(anewspaper),Ireadof/learntThephenomenonof...hasarousedpublicconcern.[2].Ihaveafriendwho...Shouldhe?Suchadilemmaweareoftenconfrontwithinourdailylife.[3].Onceuponatime,therelivedamanwho...Thisstorymaybe(unbelievable),butitstillhasarealisticsignificancenow.1-7问题法先用讨论或解答的设问,引出自己观点,适用于有争议性的话题.e.g:Should/What?Optionsof...varygreatly,some...,others...Butinmyopinion,.7/12
5作文主体部分<一>原因结果分析3-1-1.基本原因---分析某事物时,用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因.e.g:[1].Why...?Foronething..Foranother...[2].Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.Foronething...ForanotherStillanother...[3].Anumberoffactors,bothphysicalandpsychologicalaffect/bothindividualandsocialcontributeto3-1-2另一原因>在分析了基本原因之后,再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用!e.g:[1].Anotherimportantfactoris[2]....isalsoresponsibleforthechange/problem.[3].Certainly,the...isnotthesolereasonfor3-1-3后果影响分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响.e.g:[1].Itwillproduceaprofound/far-reachingeffect/impacton[2].Ininvolvessomeseriousconsequencefor<二>比较对照句型3-2-1.两者比较--->比较两事物,要说出其一超过另一个,或肯定一事物的优点,也肯定其缺点的时候用!e.g:[1].TheadvantagesgainedfromAaremuchgreaterthantheadvantageswegainfromB.[2].Indeed,AcarriesmuchweightwhencomparedwithB.[3].Thereisnodoubtthatithasitsnegativeeffectsaswellaspositiveeffects.3-2-2.两者相同/相似>比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用!e.g:[1].AandBhaveseveralthingsincommon.Theyaresimilarinthat[2].AbearssomestrikingresemblancestoB.7/12
6作文结尾部分7/12
